35. Les Stigmatisees, Louise Lateau, etc., Paris, 1873; La So- matization, Vecstasie divine, et les miracles de Lourdes, Paris, 1894. We are drawing, however, directly from The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. XIV, p. 294. Two American cases are described incidentally in the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, vol. VII (1891-1892), pp. 341 and 345.
36. Migne, Dictionnaire des Propheties et des Miracles, p. 1069.
37. Op. cit., pp. 1068 f.; cf. Revue des Deux Mondes, May 1, 1907, p. 207.
38. G. Dumas, Revue des Deux Mondes, May 1, 1907, p. 207, quoting Ribadeneira, Vie d'Ignace de Loyola, book V, chap. x.
39. Pp. 1066 ff.
40. P. 1070.
41. Pp. 1080 f.
42. A. Poulain, The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. XIV, p. 295: "It seems historically certain that ecstatics alone have the stig- mata."
43. It is the judgment of a sympathetic critic that "trances, losses of consciousness, automatisms, visions of lights, audition of voices, 'stigmata,' and such like experiences, are evidences of hys- teria, and they are not in themselves evidences of divine influence or of divine presence." — Rufus M. Jones, Studies in Mystical Re- ligion, 1909, p. xxviii. Compare what he says more at large, when speaking of Francis of Assisi (p. 165): "The modern interpreter, unlike the mediaeval disciple, finds this event, if it is admitted, a point of weakness rather than a point of strength. Instead of proving to be the marks of a saint, the stigmata are the marks of emotional and physical abnormality." In a like spirit, Baron von Hiigel, The Mystical Element of Religion, vol. II, p. 42, declares generally that "the downright ecstatics and hearers of voices and seers of visions have all, wherever we are able to trace their tem- peramental and normal constitution and history, possessed and developed a definitely peculiar psycho-physical organization." On the Stigmata and Stigmatics, see especially F. W. H. Myers, Per- sonality, Human and Divine, vol. I, pp. 492 ff.
266 NOTES TO LECTURE III
44. Die ckrislliche Mystik, new ed., 1836, vol. II, pp. 407-468: "Die Ecstase im unterem Leben, und die durch sie gewirkte Trans- formation der Leiblichkeit." English translation of this section under the title of The Stigmata: A History of Various Cases, Lon- don, 1883.
45. A. M. Koniger, in Schiele and Zscharnack, as cited, col. 924: "Their bearers are predominantly women and simple people. In the immaturity of their understanding they have not yet reached stability. . . ."
46. The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. XIV, p. 294. The italics are ours.
47. Pp. 205 ff.
48. Gorres, op. cit., vol. II, p. 189.
49. J. K. Huysmans, Sainte Lydwine, p. 101.
50. We are reminded by Mrs. E. Herman, however (The Mean- ing and Value of Mysticism, 1915, p. 159), that in one element of the faith of those "moderns" whom she represents, there is a re- turn to this desire to help Christ save the world. Commenting on some remarks of Angela de Foligno, she says: "To those unac- quainted with mediaeval religious literature this seems curiously modern in its implied insistence upon our obligation to ask a hum- ble share in the atoning suffering, instead of acquiescing in a doc- trine which would make a passive acceptance of Christ's sufferings on our behalf sufficient for the remission of sins." No sharing in Christ's atoning sufferings can be described as humble. It is not the "acceptance of Christ's sufferings" which is represented by the Scriptures and understood from them by evangelicals as "sufficient for the remission of sins." It is Christ's sufferings themselves which are all-sufficient, and the trail of the serpent is seen in any suggestions that they need or admit of supplementing.
51. For example, A. Poulain, as cited; cf. A. M. Koniger, as cited: "The analogous cases of suggestion from without (local congestion of blood, slight blood-sweating, formation of blisters, and marks of burning) lie so far from the real stigmata, connected with lesion of the walls of the blood vessels (hemorrhages), that medical science knows as yet nothing else to do but to class this among the 'obscure neuropathic bleedings.'"
52. The Principles of Psychology, ed. 1908, vol. II, p. 612. Compare the statement quoted by A. T. Schofield, The Force of Mind, 1908, pp. 61 f., from Professor Barrett, of Trinity College, Dublin, Humanitarian, 1905: "It is not so well known but it is nevertheless a fact, that utterly startling physiological changes can be produced in a hypnotized subject merely by conscious or uncon-
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