The Editor has pleasure in recording his thanks to many friends and willing fellow-workers, including the authors of the various articles. In especial, after those whose names are given on the title-page, he desii-es to thank the Eev. W. Sanday, D.D., LL.D., Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford, who has read many of the articles and given valuable assistance in other ways, and whose name might have appeared on the title-page, had not illness prevented him for some time from carrying out his intention of reading the proof-sheets as they were ready ; next, his own early teacher. Dr. Donald Shearer, who voluntarily undertook, and has most conscientiously carried out, the verification of the passages of Scripture ; also Professor Mahaffy of Dublin, who kindly read some articles in proof ; Professor Ryle of Cambridge ; Professor Salmond of Aberdeen ; Principal Stewart of St. Andrews ; and Principal Faibbairn and Mr. J. Vebnon Bartlet, M.A. of Mansfield College, Oxford.
*,• Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, have the sole right ol publication of thii Dictionary of the Bible in the United States and Canada.
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LIST OF ABBEEYIATIOI^S
L General
Alex. = Alexandrian.
Apoc. = Apocalj-pse.
Apocr. = Apocryphsu
Aq. = Aquila.
Arab. = Arabic
Aram. = Aramaio.
Assyr. = Assyrian.
Bab. = Babylonian,
c. = circa, about.
Can. = Canaanite.
ef. = Compare.
ct.= Contrast.
D = Deuteronomiat.
E = Elohist.
edd. = Editions or Editor*
Egyp. = Egyptian.
['^ng. = English.
Eth. = Ethiopic.
f. =and following verse or page ; M Ac lO*"-
ff. =anil following verses or pages ; aa Mt ll^'-
Gr. =C*eek.
H = Law of Holiness.
Heb. = Hebrew.
Hel. = Hellenistic.
Hex. = He.\ateucb.
Isr. = Israelite.
J = Jah\vist.
J" = Jehovah.
Jems. = Jerusalem.
Jos. = JosephuB.
LXX = Septnagint.
MSS = Manuscripts.
MT = Massoretic Text
n. =note.
NT = New Testament
Onk. = Onkelos.
0T = Old Testament.
P = Priestly Narrative.
Pal. = Palestine, Palestij
Pent. = Pentateuch.
Pers. = Persian.
Phil. = Philistine.
Phoen. = Phoenician.
Pr. Bk. = Prayer Book.
R = Redactor.
Rom. = Roman.
Sam. = Samaritan.
Sem. = Semitic.
Sept. = Septnagint.
Sin. =Sinaitic.
Symin. =Syminaohna.
SjT. = Syriac.
T'alm.= Talmud.
Targ. = Targum.
Theod. =Theodotion.
TR = 'rextus Receptna.
tr. = translate or translation.
VS.S = Versions.
Vulg.= Vulgate.
WH = Westcott and Hort's text.
IL Books of the Bible
Old Tutament.
Gn = Genesis.
Ex = ExodnB.
Lv = Leviticog.
Nu = Numbers.
Dt = Deuteronomy.
Jos = Joshaa.
Jg = Judges.
Ru = Rutb.
1 S, 2S = 1 and 2 Samuel.
1 K, 2K=1 and 2 Kings.
1 Ch, 2 Ch = 1 and 2
Chronicles. Ezr = Ezra. Neh = Neheniiah. E3t= Esther. Job.
Ps = Psalms. Pr = Proverbs. E^ = Ecolesiaatea.
ApoaypKa. I Es, 2 Essl and 2 To = Tobit. Ewlras. Jth= Judith.
Ca = Canticles. Is = Isaiah. Jer = Jeremiah. La = Lamentations. Ezk = Ezukiel. Dn = DanieL Hos = HosetL Jl = Joel. Am = AmoB. Ob = Obadiah.. Jon = Jonah. Mic = Micah. Nail = Nahnm. Hab = Habakkuk. Zepli = Zephaniah. Hag = Haggai. Zec = Zechariah. Mai = Malachl.
Ad. Est = Additions to Sns= Susanna.
Esther. Wis = Wisdom. Sir = Sirach or Ecdesi-
asticus. Bar = Banich. Three = Song of the
Three Children.
Bel = Bel and the
Dragon. Pr. Man = Prayer of
Manassea. I Mac, 2 Mao=l and 2
Maccabees.
New Mt = Matthew. Mk = Mark. Lk = Luke. Jn = John. Ac = Acts. Ro = Romans. 1 Co, 2 Co = 1 and
Corinthians. Gal = Galatians. Eph = Ephesians. Pn = Phiiippians. Col s Colossians.
Testament .
1 Th, 2 Th = 1 and 2
Thessalonians. 1 Ti, 2 Ti = 1 and 2
Timothy. Tit=Titu8. Philem = Philemon. 2 He = Hebrews. Ja = James.
1 P, 2P = 1 and 2 Peter. 1 Jn, 2 Jn, 3 Ju'l, 2
and 3 John. Jnde. Rev s Revelation.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
in, Enolibh Versions
Wyo.=WyclifB Bible iNT e. 1380, OT e. 1382,
Pnrrey's Revision c. 1388). Tind. = Tindale'8 NT 1526 and 1534, Pent. 1530. Cov. = Coverdale's Bible 1535. Matt, or Rog. = Matthew's [i.e. prob. Rogers')
Bible 1537. >an. or Great = Cranmer'8 'Great' Bible 1539. Tar. = Tavemer'8 Bible 1539. G«n.=Geneva NT 1557, Bible 1560.
Bish. = Bishops' Bible 1568.
Tom.=Tom3on's NT 1576.
Rhem. =Rhemish NT 158a
Dou. = Douay OT 1600.
AV = Authorized Version 1611.
AVra = Authorized Version margin.
RV = Revi3ed Version NT 1881, OT 188&
RVm = Revised Version margin.
EV = Auth. and Rev. Version*.
IV. Fob the Litbrattjre
AIIT = Ancient Hebrew Tradition.
^7'=Altes Testament.
B/.. = Banipton Lecture.