Peshitta (2 P, 2 and 3 Jn, Jude), the tr. appe*ri to have been made directly from the Greek.
A tr. from the Syr. of Ac and all seven Cath. Epp. (in the Gr. order) is found in a 9th cent, vellum MS at Sinai (Mrs. Gibson's Cat., No. 154). In this text, while the other parts are from Syr. Vulg., the disputed Cath. Epp. are translated from the Pocockian VS (Syr. bodl.), now generally printed in edd. of Syr. Vulj;., and which is prob- ably a fragment of the PhUoxenian VS before its revision by Tliomas of Harkel.* This MS is thus perhaps the oldest witness for Syr. bodl., though it does not contain the purest text.
The Apocalypse.— The Apoc. was not a canoni- cal book among the E. Churches ; the Arab. VSS, therefore, varj' greatly. Ar. erp is here perhaps a combination of the Gr. and the Copt. Ar. carsh contains some peculiar double renderings (e.g. Rev 1°* ■'), but their source is not very clear. It is not a tr. of the i)rinted Syr. text.
The Old Te.stament.— Arab. VSS of OT fall under four heads, tnz. trs. from the Gr., from the Syr., from the Heb., and from the Sam. Of tlie.se the greater bulk still remains in unexamined MSS, only a portion of the various sources having been printed. The great Paris Polyglott contains a complete Arab, text of the whole OT except the Apocr., and this text has been repeated with minor variations in Walton's Polyglott and in the New- castle ed. of 1811, but it presents a singularly mixed text. The Pent, is the version of Sa'a<lya (see below). Jos is also from the Heb., but it does not directly appear that Sa'adya waa the translator. Jg, S, K, and Ch are all from tlie Peshittfi, as is also the Book of Job. The Propliets, Psalms, and Pro- verbs are from the Greek, the Prophets being a tr. made by a priest of Alexandria from a good uncial MS resembling cod. A. This curious jumble rests upon an Ejryp. MS of the 16tli cent, used by the editors of thel'olyglott(sceComiirs/ictf/iK:; and Slane's Cat. dcs. MSS arabes de la liibl. Aat. p. 1).
Of the trs. from the Peshittft there are several MSS. The Psalter was printed in Carsh(ini by the Maronites in 1610 at a convent in the SVfidy Qflzhayya (' Pnalterium qtUhayyensis'), and re- printed by Lagarde. Some lacun;e in the Paris Polyglott (CorniU enumerates Ezk 11" 13* 24""-" 273a 4217. 16) are supplied in Walton from an Oxford MS of this class.
There are also MSS containing a tr. from the Copt. VS of the LXX. Of this Lagarde has pub- lished Job (Psalteriuin, etc., 1876). An ed. of the Psalter and Cant, with critical notes similar to the work of Ibnel-'Assfil (.see above), is to be found in B. M. Anind. Or. 15.
Several MSS present an Arab. tr. made from the Sam. Pent. Specimens (incl. Ex 3, 4) are to be found in a Programm by van Vloten, Leyilen, 1803. The best MS is probably that in the Cambridge University Library (<(</<//. 714).
The Arab. tr. of certain books of OT made direct from the original Heb. have an interest of their own for the history of interpretation, though thiy almost invariably conform strictly to the M'l. Most of these trs. are from the pen of Sa'mlya (.mvo, Ar. Ju^*-:) the Ga'fln, a learned Itabbi, liom in the I'ayyl^m in Upper Eg-\'iit (A. I). 8!)2-<)42). His liiblical trs. have been |iul>lislied as follows : the Pent, at Constantinoide in 1.510, and again in the Polyglot t» (see above) ; Is. by Paulus, 17!KI-9I -t Cant, by Mcrx, ia.S2; Pr. capp. 1-9, by Hon.li.lSSS ; .lob, by Colin, 1889. In iKiilition to these there is the tr. of Jos in thi' Polyglotts mentioned al>ove. Other VSS from the Heb., such as that in the
* Owynn, Trant. <t} It. Iriih Arad. xxx. pp. .ITS. .1711.
t * \'iTy faulty. . . . Solomon Munk made imporlnnt cnntrihu tions Ki a more acciiraU' text in vol. ix. of Cohen's ([real llibia (Paris, 1S3S)* : Cheyne's Jtaiah, vol. li. p. 200.
138
AKAD
ARAM, ARAiLEAJN'S
17th cent. MS of the Pent., Ps and Dn, in B. ^I. Harl. 5505, seem rather to belong to the era of modern trs.
LiTEKATiRE. — CRITICAL DisccssiosB. — Guidi, £« Troduzioni degti Kvangelii in Arabo e in Etiopico (Reale Accademia dei Liiicei, anno cclxxxv.), Rome, 18SS — the one indispensable work for a general view of Arabic VSS ; OUdemeister, De Eeangeliit in Arabicum e Simplici Syriaca translutis, Bonn, 1865 — contains an account of the Leipzij^ MS, together with much valuable information about the printed edd. of the Arab. Gos- pels ; Cornill, Ez£chiel, Leipzig, l»isO, Introd. pp. 4y-.S7 — con- tains a careful investigation of the texts of the f'olyglottd so far a£ concerns Ezekiel. (De Sacy, M^m. de V Acad'^mif dfs Inscrip- tions, torn. xlix. anc. 86rie. On Arab. VSS of the Pent.]
PoBLlsilKD Texts. — Gregory, Prolegomena to Tisch. N.T., Leip- zig, 1894, contains a useful list of alf the then knou-n Arab. MSS of NT. Care must, however, be taken to look for the bilinguaJ MSS under the other language. Among the various catalogues of public hbraries I have found the British Museum Catalogue (compiled by Cureton, 1S46) especially valuable for the length and number of extracts from the MSS. For the OT.— Paris Polyglott (see above, p. 137^) ; Walton's Polyglott, London, lt\i>2, the Arab, repeated m the Newcastle ed. of 1811 ; Lagarde, Psalt., lob, Piov., Arabice, Gdttingen, 1876 — contains three VSS of the Ps from the Gr. and the ' Psalterium QQzhayyensis ' from the PeshittA, a VS of Job from the Copt., and Job and Pr from the Paris Polyglott. (For Sa'adya, see the edd. enumerated on p. 137b,) For the NT. — Ed. Princeps, Rome, 1591 (repeated 1619, 1774), with a Lat. tr. by Antonius {sic) Sionita ; Ed. of Erpeniua, Leyden, 1616 (=ar. erp) ; Ed. qf the Potfijlottt (re- peated in the Newcastle ed. of 1811) ; Ed. Carshunica, Rome, 1703 (repeated in the Paris ed. of 1824 issued under the super- vision of de Sacy=ar. carsh); Lagarde, LHt vier Evantjelien arabisch, Leipzig, 1864 (see p. 137») ; Scholz, Bibtisch-Krttische Jieine, Leipzig. 1823 ; pp. 118-124 contain considerable extracts from ar. vat (see pp.l36»,137*'); Gibson (Mrs.),5f«'/ia Sinaitica, ii., Cambridge Univ. Press, 1894, contains the text of ar. w'n.-Paul.; Stud. Sin. i. Appx. p. 105, contains the Sinai leaf of ^l» ; Stud. Sin. iii.. Frontispiece, contains a page of ar. sin. 75 (see p. 137*) ; Delitzsch, Hebrder, Appx. v. (pp. 764-769), contains extracts from ar. pf(..PauJ (see p. 137^).