BELIE. — To belie la to tell lies about a person or thing, as Wis 1" ' the mouth that belieth slayeth the soul' (Kara^ti/So^iai, in ref. to icara- XaXIa 'backbiting' mentioned before). Then 'to give the lie to,' ' contradict,' as Jer 5" ' They have belied the Lord ' (^oj, RV ' denied ').
J. Hastings.
BELIEF occurs in AV only 2 Th 2" ' b. of the truth ' (Gr. Tlorit) ; to which RV adds Ro 10" ' b. cometh of liearing ' (Or. irioru, AV ' faith '). ' Un- belief occurs frequently, as tr" of dirfl^fia or arurrto. See FaITH. J. HASTINGS.
BELL. — Bells as a means of making a pnblio call seem to have been quite unknown in the Mediterranean world untU late Roman times. Judging from the gnat development in China and India, and in Buddliistio worship, it seems prob-
MTTTUirnUA
able that the nse of largo bells Is due to the farther East. The means of public call anioii:^ the
Hebrews was never by a bell, but by trumpets i these are stated to be of silver (Nu 10-), and are shoiivn as a special part of the holy spoils on the arch of Titus, though, strange to say, the ram's horn, shophar, is still used in synagogues. On a small scale, tinkling bells were used for religious purposes in post-Exodic times in Egypt, as among the llebrews. But they are only meiuioned on the borders of the high priest's robe ( Ex 28^ d-j-cj^s) ; and the tinkling there was probably by their striking the alternating pomegranates, rather than by a clapper. The design of bella and pomegranates is apparently the old Egyp. lotus and bud border, such a pattern having lost its original meaning in course of transfer to other lands. See AliT. The bells of the horses referred to in Zee 14^ (n^W^) seem more likely to be bridles, as in AVm, as a small horse-bell is not so suitable for an inscription as the long length of bridle or trappings. Small bells of the ball and slit form were used in Pal. in late Jewish times, as one was found at Tell el-Hesy.
W. M. Flinders Pktrik. BELLOWS.— The only mention of bellows in Scripture is Jer &^ (nm). Derivation,* context, and, in particular, the evidence of the VSS (LXX (pwrirHip, Vvug. sufflatorium, Pesh. mappChd, "Targ. Jon. 3si? D'npj, a blacksmith's bellows), confirm the traditional rendering. There is no reason for supposing that ' smelting-oven ' is intended, as has been suggested by Bezold, Zeitsch.f. Assyriol. ii. 448. We do not know if the Jews had the bellows aa an article of domestic furniture, the reference above being to the bellows of the metal-smelter. An excellent illus- tration of the bellows as used for this purpose in ancient Egypt is given by Wilkinson in his ..4 nc.£'w/). (1854) ii. 316. The bellows there ligured consist of 'a leather bag, secured and fitted into a frame, from which a large pipe extended for carrying the wind to the fire. 'They [the bellows] were worked by the feet, the operator standing upon them, witn one under each foot, pressing them alternately, while he pulled up each exhausted skin with a string he lield in his hand.' The tube or pipe seems to have been of reed, ' tipped with a metal point, to resist the action of the fire' (Wilk. toe. cit.). A. R. S. Kennkdy.
BELLY.— See BODT.
BELMAIM {BeXpalfi Jth 7', Bai\^tr Jth 4*).— It •eems to have lain south of Dothan, but the topo-
fraphy of Judith is very diilicult. Bileam in lauasseh lay farther north than Dothan.
C. R. CONDER. BELOVED is the tr» of an? 'Ahabh, to love ; or I'll dCdh (possibly the original of iii d/lvidh David) used often in Ca, elsewhere only Is 5' ' a song of my b.'; or [ti;] yddhidh, as Ps 127" ' he giveth his b. sleep'; or n?n5 ninhmAdh, only Hos 9" ' the b. fruit of their womb.' And in NT either iyairiij) or (most freq.) oiyairT^ij. The latter word has been tr^ 'dearly b.' in nine places (RV always omits 'dearly'), and 'well-beloved' in three (ilaces (RV omits 'well'). 'Dearly b.' is found in OT, only Jer 12' 'the dearly b. of my soul' (nnn; yidliiilhiUh, so RV). 'Well-beloved' is found Ca 1" (i^t RV 'beloved'), la S""* [it] bo RV). ' Greatly b.' is given in Da9-» 10"- '», in ref. to Daniel, as tr° of n^iioq (or n^iijq) hnmtidhOth, lit. ' de.'iiralile things,' thus U^ ' thou art greatly b.' = ' thou art a precious treasure.' J. HASTINGS.
BELSHAZZAK is mentioned in Dn as the son of
Nebucliiulrc/.zar, and the last reigning king of Babylon, juHt on the eve of its fall, before Cyrus. The word appears in the forms ■iv»<e'i'3 (On 5') and • From nsj Co blov. The formation In Heb. denotes ai instrument or tool ; see Borth, Sominalbdg, etc., 1894, I 160ol
270
BELSHAZZAB
BENAIAH
TSFK^S (Dn 7'). LXX and Th. read BaXroa-dp, and Jos. {Ant. X. xi. 2) says that among the Bab. he was known as son of Ha^odvStiXos. Herodotus speaks of him as Labynetus II. son of Labynetus I. (Ne- buchadrezzar). Xen. (Cyrop. vii. 5. 3) says that Babylon was taken by night while the inhabitants were revelling.
But there is one prolific source of information for this period and king, viz. the cuneiform inscriptions. In these we find that the last king of Babylon was NaboniduB (Na-bii-na'id), and that his lirstborn son was named Belshazzar. One method of writing