almost spotless excellence, and enjoy undi.sturbed prosiieiity. The ceremonial law of the Priests' Code is recognised and observed by David, even
before there is a temple. The service i.s stately and rich. After the division of the kin;;ilom the ten tribes are not of importance enough to be mentioned, except incidentally. Interest is con- centrated on Judah and Jerusalem. All good Juda^an kings, trained in the law of one exclusive sanctuary, of course forbade the high places. Sins, when they do occur, are sternly punished by God, and public calamities are due to sins. Huge numbers give majesty and importance to many scenes, and to the kingdom m its continuoua history, and central in that history is the hand of God, His temple, His solemn ordinances, His cere- monial and impressive worship.
Sources.— I. For 1 Ch 1-9 the sources are appar- ently genealogical lists in Gn, Ex, Nu, Jos, and (occasionally) S,— the relation between Ku 4""'- and 1 Ch 2*"- is doubtful,— also other lists not found in the earlier canonical books. The latter is the case particularly in the latter half of 1 Ch 2, and in chs. 4. 6 and the middle of 7 (see esp. Wellli. De gentibus, and Kittel). Only twice in these chapters is there reference to an earlier writing ; the first is in 1 Ch 5", but whether tliis writing (or these writings, v. in/r. II. 13) really serv'ed the Clironicler as a source is extremely doubtful (Kuenen, Ond.* i. 483); the second is in 1 Ch 9' (see below).
The Psalm 1 Ch 16'-'' is made np of parts of tliree Psalms found in our Psalter (see Parallels, above).
The question as to the origin of 2 Ch 36^- ^ (Restoration-decree of Cyrus) = Ezr l'"'*, belongs rather to a discussion of Lzra-Nehemiah.
Ch's own references to earlier writings (with the exceptions noted above) are in the main part of the book, 1 Ch 10'-2 Ch 36='.
II. Ch refers by name to the follo^^^ng works : —
1. (a) The Book of the Kings of Judah and Issrael, 2 Ch 16" 25-« 2H=« ; evidently = (6) The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah, 27' 35-"' 36«.
2. The Book of the Kings of Israel, I Ch 9' (so Bertheau, Keil, Oettii, Kautzsch, RV ; G, Kuenen doubtfully. AVadds 'and Judah,' which otherwise is subj. of following vb.).
3. The Doings of the Kings of Israel (2 Ch 33" (for Manasseh).
4. The Midrash of. the Book of Kings, 2 Ch 24" (for Joash).
5. Tlie Vision of Isaiah the Prophet, son of Amo?, in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel, 2 Ch 32»-.
6. "The Words of Jehu, son of Hanani, which are taken up into tlie Book of the Kings of Israel,
1 Cli 20*'(for Jehoshaphat).
The following were probably of limited com- pa.ss : —
7. The Words of Samuel the Seer, and the Words of Nathan the Prophet, and the Words of Gad the Seer, 1 Ch 20*'.
8. Tlie Words of Nathan the Prophet, and the Prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and the Vision of Iddo the Seer regarding Jeroboam, son of Nebat, 2 Ch 9=».
9. The Words of Shemaiah the Prophet and of Iddo the Seer for reckoning by Genealogies,
2 Ch 12".
10. Tlie Midrash of the Prophet Iddo, 2 Ch \S'>=>.
11. The rest of the Doings of Uzziah, first and last, did Isaiah the Prophet, son of Amo?, write, 2 Ch 26-2.
12. The Words of the Seers, 2 Ch 331" (cf. v."; so (E, Bertheau, Kautzsch ; of Hozai, TS, Oettii, RV).
The author refers also to —
13. A genealogical enrolment in the days of Jotham and in the days of Jeroboam [II.], 1 Ch 5" (since tlicse kings were not contemporary, are two lists referred to ?).
CHRONICLES, I. AND II.
CHRONICLES, L AND IL 395
14. The Later Doiugs of David, 1 Ch 23-''.
15. The Chronicles (D-;,n -nj^) of king David,
1 Ch 27".
16. The Lamentations (a collection in which the lamentations over Josiab were included), 2 Ch 35'*.
But these are not all separate works. 1 (a) and (6) and 5 refer obWously to the same ; so probably do 2, 3, and 6 ; for although ' Judah ' is not men- tioned in the title (except possibly in the case of 2), 3 and 6 relate to kings of Judah, and the title is therefore presumably abbreviated. It is highly likely that 4 is another designation of the same work. The prophetic writings 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are possibly, though not demonstrably, sections of the same comprehensive book. If not, they are in any case of subordinate consequence. As to 13-16 it is not clear that these have actually con- tributed anything to Ch ; 16 certainly has not.
It is true that the Chronicler explicitly appeals to none of the documents named as authorities for what he states, but only as repositories of (further) information. Nevertheless, it is probable that the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel, cited under different names, is the main source of Ch. The many agreements with S and K prove that Ch osed either these books or some work based on these. There is no evidence that it used the sources of S and K ; these books must themselves have been known to the author, for they had long been in existence in his time, and the order and choice of material follow theirs to a large extent j moreover, the mutter which is peculiar to Ch shows the marked characteristics of the author's style, in sharp contrast with those of the matter corresponding to that of Samuel and Kings ; in particular, the following additional proofs show that Ch does not go behind them for its materials : —