162S-SS).
24. 1. Elah in 2eth of An 0 K 16S). 2. Zimri in 27tb of An a K 191"). I Omri in 27th of An a K 191").
12. 1. Ahab in 88Ui ol An a K 16»).
t
« 5
S
te
t7
tl
88
BS In 4th of Ahab OK JJU), Jehoibapbat (I) <1
17 18
In Bth of Jonun (2 K 8W), Jehomrn . . . 1. 22 4. 2S
In 12th of Jonun (2 K 8*0. Ahaziah . . . 8. 1
21 1. Ahariah In ITth of Jehoahaphat(lK2251). 1. 22. 2. Joram in 18th of Jehoahaphat (2 K gl).
6 8
It
The method of post-dating is here applied to the reigns of the S. kingdom until the reigns of Jehoram and Ahaziah, the former of whom ib made co-regent with his father for four years. Asa and Jehoshaphat come to the throne in the years preceding their 1st years, while Abijam comes m his 1st year. Thus we have two methods of post-dating. The reigns of the N. kingdom are all pre-dated, and Ahaziah is made co-regent with Ahab for one year. Thus the total length of the reigns is shortened, and the interval from Solomon to Athaliah becomes 90 years.
In 1 K IG^ Omri is said to have begun to reign in the 31st year of Asa, and in 2 K 1" Joram in the 2nd of Jehoram. Both of these state- ments are in general harmony with a scheme ol post-dating the kings both of Israel and Judah. This fact, with the apparently systematic shortening of the intervals expressed by the reigns of the N. kingdom and then of the S. kingdom, to make them agree, suggests the possibility of the lengths of the reigns not being entirely derived from accurate his- torical sources, and yet representing a chronological scheme which the author did not feel free to modify.
Samaria fell, according to 2 K IS'", in ' the tith year of Hezekiah, which was the 9th of Hoshea, king of Israel.' The durations of the reigns of the Kings of Judah and Israel from tire accessions of Athaliah and Jehu to this year, then, should be the same. The figures recorded in 2 K, how- ever, give quite a diflerent result —
Athaliah
. «y
ears.
Jehu
, 28 yean.
Jootih
. 40
Jehoabaz
. 17 „
Ainaziah
. 29
Joaiih
. 19 „
. 62
Jerolwam
. 41 „
Jotham
. 16
Z.^ch.iriah
9 month!.
Ahiiz
. 19
Shallum .
1 ..
Beiekiata
e
"
Menahcm Pekahiah Pckah .
, 10 year*. .* 20 II
165
Hoahea .
9 „
14Syn.7moc
I
CHRONOLOGY OF OLD TEST.
CHEONOLOGY OF OLD TEST. 401
Thus the years of the reigns of the southern kingdom exceed thoao of the northern kingdom by over 21 years.
The following table gives the biblical synchron- isms of this period.* (The various statements have been adjusted to each other by allowing the variable factor of a co-regency, and reckoning the Ist year either from the commencement of the co-regency or of the sole reign) : —
Athallth ....
Is 7th o( Jtha (I K Ul) JoMta .
Id Znd of Jebouh (I K 141),
1)S8 39 40
(1) e po)u>
In tnh of J*rabo*m (2 K WX Almiimh (24) 29
26 t8
In tnd of P«k*h (t E ISO), Jotbam .
U17UiofP«k>l>(2KIffl),
m 9
(8)16
9(17) 11 ho) U(20)
In Srd of Bothtm (t K 181),
HezeUab U(l)
16(1)
16 (2)
In «th of Huekith (2 K
ia>°), Buiuuru tokeD . 6
IJeho.
7 28 1 Jehoahai In 23rd of Joub (2 K 131). 16 (1) Jehoasb in 37th of Joub (2 K 1310X
16(2) 17(8)
4(1)
6(2)
7(4)
16 (13) Jeroboun In IStta of " (2K140X
L Ztcharub In 88th of Azariab (2 K 169)
S. Sballum in 39th of Azariab (2 K ISis). Menahem in 39tb Of Azariab (2 K 1617).
Pekahlab In SOth of Aiarlah (2 K 162a).
Pekab in 62nd of Anriah (SKiesT).
1 Hoahea In SOtk of Jotbam and 12tb of Abaz(2 K 1630 171).
I 4
6
9 Samaria taken In 9th of Hoshea (2 K 17« 181»).
The following tables (a) (6) (c) give dates for the accession of the kings of Judah, and (rf) (e) (/) of the kings of Israel — (a) according to 1 and 2 Ch, in which the durations of the reigns are the game as those mentioned in 1 and 2 K, and are given without reference to the corresponding reigns of the N. kingdom, so that their sum would be naturally taken as the duration of the 8. kingdom ; (6) according to the tables of syn- chronisms given above ; (c) according to a determi- nation from the Assyr. inscriptions. An asterisk indicates a co-regency ; but see the following psra- ^aphs. (d) corresponds to (a), and is adjusted to It by pre-dating the reigns of Nadab, Llah, and Aliaziah, and lengthening that of Jeroboam II. to 51 years, and I'ekah's to 3U. (e) and (/) correspond to (b) and (c). The explanation of (c) and (/) is given in the following paragraphs, [a] and (rf) correspond essentially to Ussher's system of (lates given in the margin of the AV. (Jf these Uibles only if)) and (e) reprcHent approximately the course of history. The others are given merely for (he sake of comparison.