COVEK
CRACKNELS
615
Abrahamic (Gn 17) ; (2) in regarding circumcision as the sign of it ; and (3) in regarding the Sinaitic revelation as subordinate to the covenant and a means of realizing it — though in a different sense from P. The revelation at Sinai was not the making of a covenant, but the giWng of a law. With Gn 17, however, he combines Gn 15, and the wider promise that all nations should be blessed in the seed of Abraham. The covenant with Abraham was a purely spiritual deed, and contcni- plated only spiritual ends. The promise of heir- ship of the world was given to Abraham and to his seed, which seed is CTirLst, in whom the promise has been fulfilled. Further, the promise was given to Abraham, the believer, and to his seed, which seed all believers are, who are heirs according to the promise, being, as one with Christ, joint-heirs with Him. In the institution of the Supper the t«rm Sia9-^KTi is also used, and combined with the sacrificial idea as in Ex 24°'-, cf. He 9''"-.
Phrasboloot. — The usu&l phra«e to make a covenant U * to cut ' (n"!;) ; in 2 S 'is* ' to appoint ' (DX'). In P ' to give ' (jn; On 812 iTTf^ and * to set up a covenant' (D'pn), are common. The latter word often means ' to uphold,' but the sense ' set up ' or make is undoubted; the determination of 'covenant' by pron. occurs also with |n; and nij (2 S 312). of both parties it is said, 'they made a covenant '(On 213^31**); the superior, or whoever takes the initiative, make« a covenant xtnth (riN, c>) the other (2 8 8I', On itf). To make a covenant to or /or (S) mav mean to 'submit a covenant to,' i.e. for acceptance (Jos 243&), or to make a covenant or undertake an obli[^ation ' for the advantage of ' one (Ex 2^1^, 2 S &S). This construction is always used of covenants with the natives of Canaan (Ex 2332 3412. la^ Dt 7^, Jg 2^, and becomes very common in later st.vle in con- formitv with the extended usage of prep. to. See "more fully Valeton, xii. 2 ft., 227 a. : Knstacb. pp. 60 f., 206 S., 247 a. ; Oxf. U-b. /..J-. «..-. "^ ^
i^mRATUKa.— Art. 'Bund' in Schenkel's and Riehm'a DB. The OT Theologies : Riehm. p. 68 fl. ; Schultz(Eng. tr.), ii. 1 fl. ; Smend, pp. 24 9.,294fl. ; Iiillmann.pp. 107 ff.,419ff. H. Outhe, Df foodjerit nofione Jerrmiana, Leip. 1877; Valeton, ZA W xii. liii. (lS»a-93); Candlish, Kxpoirilory Timet, 1892 (Oct., Nov.); Krajtzschmar, IHe Bunden-urtitfUuiig im Alt. Trj<t., Marburg, IStta. On the Federal Tbeologv see an art. bv T. M. Lindsay, BrU. and For. Bv. Rev. July 1879. X. B. DAVIDSON.
COYER.— 1. Following Sa'adya, Talm., and most Eng. VSS, AV gives ' covers ... to cover withal,' as one of the vessels used in the tabernacle. Ex 25''* 37", Nn 4'. RV (after LXX, Vulg., Syr., Targ., Luther) gives 'flagons ... to pour out withal.' The same word (ni^-,-) is used in 1 Ch 28" of one kind of vessels given by David to Solomon for the temple ; EV ' cups.' 2. In Jg 3«, 1 S 24» ' to cover one's feet' is a literal tr. of the Heb. (v^:-i tic.i) euphemistically used for performing the offices of nature (so LaX, Jg 3** iroKtvovv rovi 7r65aj, but 1 S 24**** vapcuTKevdffaadai ; Vulg. pnrfjnre alrum, and p. ventrem ; Luther in Jg, zu Stiihl geganqcn, but in 1 S, Fiisse zu f/er/cen). On the scrupulous regard for decency among Orientals, see Ges. Lex. ».t). ]n^. J. Hastings.
COYERT. —Scarcely now in nse, except for game, and then generallv spelt raver, 'covert' is used in AV for— 1. 'A covered place,' 2 K 1(>"; 'the c. for the sabbath that they had built in the house ' (Heb. Klh. T|5'p, kerg ^po, LXX t4» BeijUXiov t^s <ra9rt/)oi, KV 'the covered way for the sabbath,' RVm 'covered place'). 2. Any shelter, as Is 4" 'a c. from storm and from rain'; or hiding place, as Job 38" ' the young lions . . . abide in the c. to lie in wait ' ; I S 25* ' she [Abigail] came down by the c. of the hill,' that is, where the hill hid her from view ; cf. 1 Mac 9" ' hid themselves under the c. of the moontain.' J. Hastings.
COYET 'The law had said. Thou shalt not
covet' (Ko 7'); 'Covet earnestly the best gifts' (1 Co I'2"), and 'covet to prophesy' (14»). It is not St. Paul that offers this startling contradic-
tion ; he uses two different words, 4iri$vfUu in Ro, s'7;X6u in 1 Co ; it is AV only. The older Eng. VS.S have generally 'lu.st' in quoting the com- mandment, or where they have 'covet' they give some other word in 1 Co, as 1 Co 12" Wyclif ' sue,' Kheims 'pursue'; 14*" W. 'love,' R. 'be earnest.' RV has ' desire earnestly ' in 1 Co. ' Covet' (from Fr. convoiter, Lat. cupere, cupiditare), scarcely used now in a good sense, was at first quite neutral = eagerly desire, as Caxton (1483), ' She ever covey ted the pees and love of her lord.' 'Covet after,' as 1 Ti 6'", is obsolete. (The Gr. in this place is dpiyiji, and RV gives ' reach after,' a happy change, ipiyu and ' reach ' being phonetically as well as idiomatically identical.) J. HASTINGS.