G. T. PfUVF.s. DARKON (; "y.). — 'Children of D.' were among those who returned with Zerubbabel (Kzr 2", Neh 758). D. is called in 1 Es 5-23 Lozon. See Ge.vealogy.
DARK SAYING.— This is the tr" of Heb. ^-^V /iidhdh, in Ps 49* 78'-, Pr 1^. Elsewhere /ndliHk is tr* ' dark speech ' Nu 12* ; ' dark sentence ' Dn 8-^ ; •hard question' 1 K IQi, 2 Ch 9'; 'riddle' .Tg 1412. 13. 14. 15. 10. 17. 18. 19^ Ezk 17^ ; and 'proverb' Hab 2". See RIDDLE. In Wis 8^ we find 'dark sayings,' and in first Prologue to Sir ' d. sentences' (ahly/mra. This Gr. word is the LXX tr. of ildlmh in Nu 12*, 1 K 10', 2 Ch 9i, Pr l^ ; it is found in NT only 1 Co 13i- 4i/ aivlyixan, 'darkly,' marg. ' in a riddle '). In Jn 16'-"- -^ Amer. RV has 'dark saying' for AV and RV 'proverb' {napoinla.). Cf. Coverdale, Letter to Cromwell of Dec. 13, 1538, 'Pitie it were that the darck places of the text (upon the which I have alwaye set a hande) shulde so passe undeclared.' J. Hastings.
DARLING.— This is the tr" of Heb. ""n; yd/ndh, in Ps 22- ' ' Diliver . . . my d. from the power of the dog,' and 35" 'rescue . . . my d. from the lions' (marg. 'my only one'). 'My darlings' is also found in Bar 4-' AVm (AV and RV 'my delicate ones.' Gr. oi rpv^epoi ^ou). Cf. Ko 1' VVyclif, 'to alle that ben at rome, derlyngis of god and clepid holy'; and Latimer (irorits, ii. 438), 'Christ Jesus, the dear darling and only begotten and beloved son of God.' The word, now too familiar for such usage, is formed from dear with suffix -inrj, which became -ling through its freq. addition to words ending in I; so nestling, seedling, etc. The Heb. )/Qf/idh is used for an only son, but in Ps 22'^' 35'" it is poetically transferred to the psalmist's own life ' as the one unique and price- less posses.sion which can never be rejtlaced ' — Oyf. Heb. Lex. For the Eng. use compare Shaks. Othello, HI. iv. 70—
• Make k a darling like your precious eve.'
J. Hastings. DART. — .loab is said to have thrust three ' darts ' (-'r;'-^' shebhU/hn, I^XX /SAtj) into the heart of Absalom (2 S 18'<). Shehhel is, however, rather a shepherd's rod, which might be used as a club if one end were heavy and studded with nails (cf. Cheyne on Ps 23*), or as a rough spear if one end were pointed. Hezckiah (2 Ch 32^) made darts, ni?"f shela/i, in abundance for the defence of Jeru- salem.
" Copi/right, 1S9S, by I
In Job 41^' AV and RV give 'dart' for /f? massa, a Hirai Xcyd/xcmi' of uncertain meaning.
In 1 Mac G^' two kinds of darts are referred to as employed at a siege, and cast by engines — (a) ordinary bolts or large arrows ; (b) darts wrapped in some burning material. Ancient defences, being built largely of wood, were easily set on fire.
In Kph e'" the suggestions of the evil one are called ^^\j) nevvpuiiiva, with an obvious allusion to the practice mentioned above. St. Paul opposes Faith to the suggestions, as the soldier would oppose the great shield (_Svpe6s) to the darts.
W. E. BAKNES.
DATHAN.— See Kokaii.
DATHEMA (^MBefia), 1 Mac 5«.— A fortress in Baslian. It may perhaps be the modern Dclmeh on the S. border of tlie Lejjah district, N. of Ash- teroth-karnaim. The Peshitta reads liametlia (Ramolh-gilead ?). See G. A! Smith, Hint. Geng. 588 f. C. R. CoNDEK.
DAUB. — To daul), from Lat. dealbare (de down, (j?hi<s white), is properly to rub down a wall with whitewash. But in Engli.sh the word has always been u.sed for wa.shing or plastering with any avail- able substance. It is now used, even in its literal sense, contemptuously. It has always been used to describe bad writing, as Mnrprel. Ep. (1589), 'When men have a gift in writing, howe easie it is for them to daube paper'; or painting, as Foote (1752), Works, i. 9, ' How high did your genius soar? To the daubing diabolical angels for ale-houses' ; or besmearing of any kind, but esp. with flattery, as South (171G), 'Let every one therefore attend the sentence of his conscience ; for, he may be sure, it will not daub, nor flatter ' ; or to hide deformity. In AV daub occurs once literally. Ex 2-' 'she took for him an ark of bul- rushes, and daubed It with slime and with pitch ' (^'J?'''-!';, from "'"■■', mortar, clay). Elsewhere onlv in Ezk (iSiD-is-K-isw 22-*) ^g, of whilewa.shing Jerus. to hide its corruption, Heb. ['?'-]. whicli is also found in Lv l4<--«-<* (FV 'plaister'), 1 Ch 29* (EV 'overlay'). Is 44'* (EV 'shut,' margins 'daubed'). The subst. daubing occurs only Ezk 13'^ ' where is the d. wherewith ye have daubed it ? ' (0"r) for the plaster itself, a tr" which has come from VVyclif. J. HASTINGS.
DAUGHTER.— See Family.
"DAVID ('!•;, but ■'■■'■; 1 K 3" 11*- ^, Ezk 34", Hos, Am, Zee, Ca, Ezr, Neh, Ch [except 1 Ch 138] . LXX, NT, Aoue;5, but TR Ao;3i5).— The name, which in the Bible is given to no one e.xcept the great king of Israel, Is perhaps a shortened form of nodavahu ('^'T'' 2 Ch 20"), 'beloved of J",' or Dodo ('-I'T 2 S 23-^*, ':'■< 2 S 239, Heihibh), ' beloved of him'; but, according to Sayce, was originally Dodo, a title of the sun-god (cf. •i-'i-' on Moablte Stone, 1. 12). In the Tel cl-Ainarna tablets of the 1.5th cent. B.C. the form Dudu is found. Our authorities for the life of David are derived entirely from the OT. The extra-biblical narratives, of which the earliest are the fragments of Fupolemus in ICuscbius, Pr(ep. Evang. ix. 30, and of Nicolas of Damascus in Josephus, Ant. vil. v. 2, are either dependent upon the OT, or are entirely legendary (cf. Stanley, art. 'David' in Sniith's "/)/?). The reign of D., according to the traditional chronology, is dated li.C. 1055-1015 ; but from Assyr. inscriptions it appears that Jehu is placed about 40 years too early in Us.sher's chronology, and we must accord- ingly bring down the reign of D. by a period of from 30 to 50 years.