No OT hero tills a larger place in Jewish tradi tion than Elijah. How he impressed the mit;ds of his own people in after-ages is shown by the striking eulogium pronounced upon him by the son of Sirach (Sir 48'"). It became a li.\-ed belief that E. would appear again for the deliverance and restoration of Israel. This is expressed in the very last words of the OT (Mai 4''-"). Jesus teaches that this expectation was fulfilled by the appearance of John the Baptist (Mt 17"'-). Jesus' cry on the cross, ' Eli, Eli, was mistaken for a call to Elijah to come for His deliverance (Mt 27'", Mk 15»»). No prophet is mentioned so frenuently in the NT as Elijah. The priests and Levites (.In 1^) cannot understand John's right to baptize, if he is neither the Christ, nor Elijah, nor that proiihet (like unto Moses, Dt 18"). As E. was witli Moses in spirit at Sinai and Nebo, so these two prophets appear together conversing with Jesus im the Mount of the Transfiguration (Mt 17', Mk 9', Lk O*").
It only remains to be said that E. occupies a conspicuous place in the legends and rites of many l)eoples. Among the Jews he is the expecteil guest at every passover, for whom a vacant seat 18 reserved. Among the Greeks he is the jiatron saint of mountains, anil many summits in Greece are now calleil by his name. In the Koman Catholic Church bo is revered as the founder of the Order of the Barefooted Carmelites. By the Mohammedans he is often confounded with the great and mysterious I'.l-Khuilr, the Eternal Wanderer, who having drunk the water of life retains everlasting youth, and appears ever and anon to right the wrongs of men. E. is canonized both in uie Greek and the Latin Church, his festival being on the 20th July.
I,iTKlUTCRR.— Driver, LOT 184 !T.; Wollhnuiien, Comp. 281 If., Protfil. 21HirT.. nut. of Itr. and Judah, tUfT. ; SUwie, tie* d. V. It. 1. bit IT.; W. R. 8n\itli, OTJC* KXIf., Proph <tf
692 ELIJAH, APOCALYPSE OF
ELIPHAZ
ItT. 76 IT., 116 IT.: Comill, /«r. Proph. 12, 16, 20, 29-36, 157; Kittel, Uut.of Ueh.vt. 213, 266 ff., 275, 279 ; Ewald, £// iv. &!9.; Oraetz, Hi»t. o/ Jeirs (tr. by B. Lowy), i. 2iMtf.; Maurice, Fro- vheU and Kitiyi, y. 126 ff. ; Schiirer, UJP ii. ii. 166 (. iu. 129 ff.; Kuent-n, Rel. of Isr. i. 354 ff.; Kenan, Uiet. of People of llrr. (Eng. tr.) ii. 229-242; Monteflore, Uihbert Lett. p. 911.; Liddon, Sennom on OT Sultjecta, 185, 209 ; Milli^an, Elijah ("Men of Bible'); Clieyne, Uallowing of Criticvtin ; Farrar, Boijkg of Kitujtt, U.cit.i Walker and Pateraoo In Kxpoi. Timei, Iv. 252ff.,321.
2. (n;'?!<, AV Eliah) A Benjamite chief, 1 Ch 8". 3. 4. A prie-st and a layman who had married foreign wives, Ezr lO"'- "*. J. Strachan.
ELIJAH, APOCALYPSE OF.— This is the title of a lost pseudepigr. work which stands eighth in the stichometrical list of Nicephorus and tenth in an anonymous early list. In the first of the.se it is called HMa irpoip^ov, and said to consist of 316 verses. In the other its title is 'HWou airoKii- Xu^it. The Constitut. Ajwst. vi. 16 also contain a reference to a writing bearin" the name of Elijah. Origen (Cormn. Alt 27") informs us that this work was the source of the quotation in I Co 2* ' Things which eye saw not, and ear heard not,' etc. Similar testLmony is borne by Euthalius and others, and it is probable that the statement is correct, although Jerome (Comm. Is 64', Ep. 57 ad Pamm.) denies it for apologetic reasons. On the other hand, there seems to be less probability in the statement of Epiphanius (Hmr. ch. 43), that Eph 5" 'Awake thou that sleepest,' etc., was quoted from the same Apoc. of Elijah. Origen makes no mention of this where he might be expected to do so, and Euthalius alleges that the words of Eph ."i" are derived from a lost apocryphon which bore the name of Jeremiah. For further information and for the patristic quotations in full, see Fabricius, Cod. Pseud. V.T. i. 1070-1086 ; Schiirer, HJP II. ui. 129ff. J. A. Selbie.
ELIRA (Nij'Vx), the Harodite, one of David's 'Thirty' (2 S 232*).— The name is omitted in B, and in the parallel passage 1 Ch 11, possibly owing to the repetition of the gentilic 'the Harodite.'
J. F. Stennino.
ELIM (D'V??). — One of the stations in the wander- ings of the children of Israel (Ex 15-'', Nu 33') ; apparently the fourth station after the pa-ssage of the Ked Sea, and the first place where the Israelites met with fresh water. It was also marked by an abundant growth of pahn trees (cf. Ex 15", twelve wells and seventy palms).
If the traditional site of Mt. Sinai be correct, the likeliest place for Elim is the Wady Ghuruiidel, where there is a good deal of vegetation, especially stunted palms, and a number of water-holes in the sand ; but some travellers have pushed the site of Elim farther on, and placed it almost a day's journey nearer to Sinai, in the Wady Tayibeh, where there are again palm trees and a scanty sui)ply of brackish water. The Greek monks who have located Elim at T6r were probably guide<l thereto by the luxuriant palms and a special taste for the extravagant in miracle. The biblical account takes the Israelites from Elim to a camp by the sea ; and this accords very well with the experience of travellers who go to Mt. Sinai by the SMUthern route, camping one night in the N\ acly (ihurundel, and the next night by the shore of the Ked Sea.