In Patristic literature Enoch is twice cited as Scrijiture in the Ep. of Barnabas (4' 16''). It is
also quoted \vith ajmroval, though not always by name, by Justin Slartyr, Iren;eus, Athenagoras, Tertullian, Clement Alex., Origen, Anatolius. Thenceforward it is mentioned \^'ith disapproval by Hilary, Chrysostom, Jerome, Augustine, and finally condemned in explicit terms in the Const. Ap. vL 16.
Far surpassing in importance the preceding was its influence on NT (a) diction and (o) doctrine.
(a) We shall here draw attention only to the indubitable instances. It is quoted directly in Jude'*-". Phrases, clauses, or thoughts derived from it are found also in Jude *, Rev 2^ 3>» 4" B" 91 J420 2013, Ro 83« g-i, Eph 1=1, He U", Ac 3", Jn S^"", Lk 9« 169 23'», Mt ig^* 25" 26»*.
(6) The doctrines in E. that had a share in moulding the corresponding NT doctrines, or formed a necessary link in the development of doctrine from OT to NT, are tliose concerning the Messianic kingdom and the Messiah, Sheol and the Resurrection, and demonology. As we cannot here enter into a discussion of these questions, we shall confine our remarks to the doctrine of the Messiah in Enoch. First, we should observe that four titles, applied, for the first time in literature, to the personal Jlessiah in the Similitudes, are afterwards reproduced in NT. These are ' Christ' (or 'the Anointed One'), 'the Righteous One,' ' the Elect One,' and ' the Son of Man.' The first title, found repeatedly in earlier writings, but always in reference to actual contemporary kings or priests, is now for the first time (48"'' 52^) applied to the Messianic king that is to come. It is here associated with supernatural attributes. In Ps- Sol, written a few years later, it is applied to a merely human Messiah. The second and third titles, ' the Righteous One,' ' the Elect One,' wliich are found first in E., have passed over into NT, the former occurring in Ac 3" 7" 22'*, the latter in Lk ff» 23=". The last title, ' the Son of Man,' appears for the first time in Jewish literature in E., and is historically the source of the NT desig- nation. To the latter it contributes some of its most characteristic contents, particularly those relating to judgment and universal authority. Thus statements in E. respecting the Son of Man are quoted by the evangelists respecting the NT Son of Man. Jn S**- " ' He hath committed all judgment unto the Son . . . because he is the Son of Man,' is a quotation from Enoch 69" ' The sum of judgment was committed unto him, the Son of Man.' It should be here observed that in E. the Messiah is represented for the first time as Judge of mankind. Again, Mt 19™ ' When the Son of Man shall sit on the throne of his glon? ' is from Enoch 62^ ' When thev see the Son of Afan sitting on the throne of his glory.' It is well known that the use of this phrase as a Mess, title is confined in NT, with two exceptions, to the Gospels, and in them it ia used only by our Lord in speaking of Himself. Its survival, however, as a Mess, desig- nation among the Jews, is attested by a passage in the Talm. Jer., Taanith ii. 1: ' Abbahu said: " If a man says to thee — I am God, he lies ; I am the Son of Alan — he will at last repent it : I a.scend to heaven — if lie said it, he will not prove it."' See further, Eschat. of Apocr.
R. H. Charles.
ENOCH, BOOK OF THE SECRETS OF.— In Origen's de Princip. i. 3. 2 we Ihid the following statement in reference to the Bk. of Enoch : — ' Nam et in eo libello . . . (juem Hennas conscripsit, ita refertur : Prinio omnium crede, quia unus est Deus, qui . . . esse fecit omnia . . . sed et in Enoch libro his similia describuntur.' Now, as a matter of fact, this statement cannot be justified from the Ethiopic Enoch. Accordingly, till the discovery of the present book it was necessary to assume «itliei
EXOCn, BOOK OF SECRETS OF
ENOCH, BOOK OF SECKETS OF T09
that we liad liere a mistake of Driven, or else tliat he liail before liini a portion of the Enocli literature nnknuwii to later generations. That the latter as.suMi|ition was the true one we are now aVile to see : lor in tlie ' The Book of tlie Secrets of Enoch ' we have an elaborate account of the creation, 24- 29^', and an insistence on the unity of God, 33* 36'. Further, in the Testaments of the XII Patriarc/is there are several direct references to the Uk. of Enoch. Some of them have clearly to do with the Ethiopic Enoch, but others have as clearly no connexion with it. Now, the bulk of the latter may be traced to the book with which we are at present dealing. This book, as it has been pre- served only in Slavonic, it will be convenient to call ' the Slavonic Enoch ' in contradistinction to the older book, which we may fitly designate ' the Ethiopic Enoch,' seeing that it has come down to us in Its entirety only in that language.