(2) Immediately fronting it, on the farther side of the valley, tliere is a rude flight of steps, cut out of the precipitous face of the cliff, which leads to the village of Siloam; this place is called at the present time ez-Zehwclch, and is identified by M. Clermont-Ganneau (PEFSt, 1869-70, p. 253) with the stone of Zoheleth. (3) The spring must have always been well known, and so would naturally form a landmark on the boundary-line between Judah and Benjamin. (4) In the account of St. James' martyrdom, he is said to have been cast from the temple wall into the valley of Kidron, and finally slain by a fuller with his stick. From this it has been inferred that St. James was cast down near the spot where the fullers were work- ing. (5) This spring is still the great resort of the women of Jerus. for washing and treading their clothes.
Others, however, identify E. with Blr Eyiib = ' the well of Job,' or ' the well of Nehemiah (ace. to a later tradition). Three points are urged in favour of this view : (1) that in the Arab. vS of Jos 15' E. is translated by 'Ain Eyflb ; (2) that in an early Jewish itinerary (Uri of liiel in Hottinger's t'ijipi Hebrairi) it is called 'the well of Joab,' as if referring to Joab's connexion >vith Adonijah ; and
(3) that its situation agrees better with the common boundary of Judah and Benjamin. But these arguments are not sufficiently weighty to counter- balance the following objections: (I) The liir Eyiib is a well, not a spring, its waters, aa a rule, being 70 to 80 ft. below the level of the ground. (2) Its situation does not snit the narrative of 2 S 17. Lying below the junction of the valleys of Kidron and Hinnom, it is at once too far from the city and from the direct road over the Mt. of Olives to the Jordan ; and if ez-Zehweleh is the game as Zoheleth, it would also be too far from this latter spot. (3) Its date is uncertain ; but it
712
ENROLMENT
ENVY
is hardly probable that it goes back to the time of Joshua.
LiTERATt'RB- — Besides the authorities cited above, see BaedokcrSocin, Pat.'' 113 ; Robinson, BRP i. 331 f. ; Williams, Ho/j/ Vily, U. 489 fl.; PEF Mem. 'Jerusalem,' p. Sir, tf. ; Benzinger, Beb. Arch. 42; W. R. Smith, US^ \~i, 48fl ; I'EF.St, 1874, 70; 1884, 186; 1885, 20, 184, 228; ISSC, SB; 18S9, 45 3.; 1890, 125. J. F. STENNINQ.
ENROLMENT.— See QuiRlNIUS.
ENSAMPLE.— This is the tr. in AV of ti^os, 1 Co lu", I'll 3", 1 Th 1% 2 Th 3», 1 P 5' ; and of i)r(i5ei7/ia, 2 P 2" ; whUe * example ' is the tr. of TVTToi, 1 Co 10», 1 Ti 4" ; of uwdSayfia, Jn 13'», He 4" 8', Ja 5'° ; of SciypLa, Jude ' ; of the vb. rapaoeiy- /uioTifo) (' make a publick example '), Mt 1"" ; and of inroypayLiibi, 1 P 2^'. Both forms have the same meaning, and in AV they are always synonymous with 'pattern' or 'model.' Thus in He 8° ujri- Jfiy/xa is tr** 'example,' and riiros 'pattern,' after Tindale's 'ensample' and 'patrone,' though in both places Wyclif has 'saumi)ler,' Gen. (1560) ' paterne,' Rhem. 'exampler.' But the pattern may be either for imitation or avoidance. In mod. Eng. wherever ' ensample ' is used, it has a biblical flavour, and suggests a good example. Hence RV retains 'ensample' in Ph Z", 1 Th 1', 2 Tli 3», 1 P 5^ but gives ' example ' in 1 Co 10", 2 P 2«.
' Ensample ' seems to be an Eng. spelling. The Lat. exem- plum appears in old Fr. as essampte ; this becomes in Eng. * asaumple,' of which Oj^. Eng. Diet, quotes a single instance (but it may be noticed that Wye. has the u always, ' en- saumple '). Then 'asaumple' becomes 'ensample.' Skeat quotes an old Fr. tr. of Uu 4^1 'que ele soil ensample de vertu,' evidently after Vulg. ' ut sit exemplum virtutis ' (cf. Gov. ' that she maye be an ensample of vertue '). But O^if. Eng. Diet. rejecoj this French spelling, and reckons 'ensample' only English. The earliest mstance of ' example ' that has been found is dated 1447 (though there is a various reading ' ex- eaumple' in the Wyclitite version of 13S2 at Jiule7), while ensample ' is found as early as 1250. And ' ensample ' is most common by far till it began to be fashionable to spell Eng. words after their Lat. originals. Tindale has 'ensample' (though he spells it thrice * insample ') in all the passages given above ; and he is followed by all the Eng. VSS till the llhemish.
J. Ha.stings.
EN-SHEMESH {tlc^ yv), 'sun-spring,' Jos 15' 18". — A spring E. of Enrogel, on the way to Jericho. It is believed to be the spring on the Jericho road, E. of Olivet, generally known as the 'apostles' fountain ' (Ain Hod). See SWF vol. iii. sheet xvii. ; also Tristram, Land of I.irnd, 196 ; PEFSt, 1874, 70; and Dillraann on Jos 15'.
C. R. CONDER.
ENSIGN.— See Banner.
ENSUE Coverdale's tr. of Ps 34'* is ' Let him