EXPIATION.— See Atonbment, PROPi'nATiON.
EXPOSURE.— See Crimes and Ponishmknts.
EXPRESS.— Only He 1* 'the express im,age of his person ' (xapa/cr^p, RV ' the very image,' llVm ' the impress') ; and Wis 14" ' they . . . made an express image of a king ' {i^ipavTj tUbva, RV ' a visible image '). On x<»pa»oT)p see Westcott, in loc. The tr. of RV is after Tind. ; the Geneva (' ingraved forme') tries to bring out the sense of the Gr. word, which is properly what stands engraven on any object, as a seal (Davidson), and this is the meaning of AV ' express image ' ; cf. Shaks. Hamlet, u. ii. 299, 'What a piece of work is a man ! ... in form and moving, how express and admirable,' which Aldis Wright explains thus : ' Exact, fitted to its purpose, as the seal fits the stamp.' Exprimere (ptcp. expressus) has the mean- ing among others of ' copy,' ' pourtray,' and from this the Eng. word was used before 1611 in the sense of ' exactly pourtrayed.' Thus Sir T. More, (\5\Z) Rich. III. 'This is ye fathers own figure . . . ye playne expresse lykenes of ye noble Duke.'
J. Hastings.
EXQUISITE.— From Lat. exrfuisitm, ptcp. of exquirere, to search out, ' exquisite ' is properly, and was originally, that which is elaborately devised, ' ingenious,' and its application might be
food or bad. In the Areopaqitica(\i.a.\es' ed. p. 16) lilton says Mr. Selden's volume ' proves ... by exquisite reasons and theorems almost mathe- matically demonstrative, that all opinions, yea, errors, known, read, and collated, are of main service and assistance toward the speedy attain- ment of what is tniest.' Milton even uses the word actively of persons in Comus, 359,
* Peace, brother, be not over-exqiiisite To ca.st the faabion of uncertain evils,'
as other writers had done before him. Exquisite occurs Sir 18'^ 'They . . . poured forth e. parables ' (iropoi/iia? CLKpipfh, RV ' apt proverbs '), and 19" ' There is an e. subtilty, and the same is unjust ' (so RV, Gr. irayovpyla dKpi/3j)s). J. HA.STINGS.
EXTINCT.— Extinct (Lat. extinctus, ptcp. of extivguere, to extinguish) now only e.xpre.sses a state, ' active and extinct volcanoes' ; ' the volcano is extinct.' But formerly it expressed the action which produces the state, and so Job 17' ' my days are extinct ' (lyfi t;'.), and Is 43" ' they are extinct, they are quenched as tow' ('3u^). Cf. Shaks. Rich. II. I. iii. 222—
• My oil-dried lamp and timo-bewosted lipht SIkiU be extinct with ajje and endlcwi ni^ht.' ' Extinguished ' occurs, however, in Wis 2*.
In the 16th cent, a verb ' to extinct' was coined, of which the
Fast pUp. was sometimes ' cxtincK'd ' and sometimes ' extinct.' t is thus uncertain whcllier 'extinct' as ptcp. belongs to 'extinguiiih' or to this verb. Shnks. uses 'extinct' twice, ■extincted" once (0(A. ll. I. M, 'Give renewed fire to our extinctcd spirits I'), but never 'extinguished.' He uses the verb ' extinguish' only once. J^ HASTINGS.
EXTREME is used as an adv. in Sir 42" ' the
814
EYE
EZEKIEL
extreme aged ' {irxarSyTipos). So Bacon, Essnus (Gold. Treas. ed. p. 156), ' Acting in Song, especially in Dialogues, hath an extreme Good Grace ' ; and p. 178, ' all Deformed Persons are extreme bold ' ; and again in Advance, of Learning, II. xxiii. 38, ' it [is] extreme hard to play an after game of reputation.' J. HASTINGS.
EYE The verb occurs twice : 1. Gn 29" ' Leah
was tender eyed' (m:T nx^ 'j-y, RV ' L.'s eyes were tender '). Whether ' tender ' is appreciatory or depreciatory is disputed. Modem commentators usually say depreciatory, after LXX (aadcpeh) and Peshitta. But others, the tender brightness of a child, after Onk. and Sa'adya, and quoting Gn 33" ' My lord knoweth that the children are tender ' (same Heb.). See Spurrell, in loc. ; also Otts, The Fifth Gospel, p. 41 1. ; and Expos. Times, v. 97. The Vulg. lippis oculis, ' blear-eyed,' is certainly ■nTong. 2. 1 S 18' ' And Saul eyed David from that day and forward ' (py 'n;!, ^SrS ]■}]!, a denom. from py to eye). For the construction and Heb. parallels, see Driver, in loc. The meaning is to look on with envy (cf. inmdia ; and see the ' Evil Eye' under art. ENVY, and Trench, NT Synonyms, p. 106 f.), but there is no other example in English of the verb ' eye ' in the sense of ' envy.'
J. Hastings.
EYE (py). — The eyes of Orientals are usually well formed, large, and lustrous, but deficient in that play of expression which accompanies thought, humour, and fancy.
As the chief of the organs of sense, the eye had a leading place in the lex talionis, ' eye for eye ' (Ex 21*"). To put out the eyes of an enemy or prisoner was like breaking the teeth of a captured wild animal, the removal of the chief power to injure. It was also a great degradation (Jg 16-', IS 11', 2 K 25'). Among the begging classes of Palestine, blindness, next to the revolting spectacle of leprosy, makes the strongest claim upon the charity of the benevolent. Blind men are some- times known to decline the oft'er of the medical missionary, as restored sight would mean a loss of privilege (see Blindness under Medicine).