1. A stream : Job 14" (ndlt&r, usual word for ' river,' RV ' river ') ; 20" ' the floods, the brooks of honey and butter' {ndhAr, RV 'the flowing streams'); 28" 'he bindeth the floods from over- flowing' (ndhAr, RV ' the streams that they trickle not,' RVm ' Heb. from weeping,' the allusion is to the use of lime or clay to prevent water perco- lating into the mine— Davidson) ; Ps 98' (ndhAr) ; Job 28'' ' the flood breaketh out from the inhabit- ant' (nahal, usual word for 'brook,' here under- stood of the miner's ' shaft,' RV ' he breaketh open a shaft away from where men sojourn ') ; Ps 74'° ' Thou didst cleave the fountain and the flood ' (nahal, in ref. to the stream from the rock in the wilderness) ; Is 44^ ' I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground' (nOzeliin, ptcp. of nAzal, to now, RV 'streams'). In Apocr., 2 Es IG'* (flumen, RV 'river'). Ad. Est 11'" ' a great flood ' (7roTa/i6s fj^iyas, distinguished from pLiKpa irrjyi'i, ' a little fountain ' ; RV ' river ') ; Sir 21'* 39-- (xaToxXucrynos). This meaning is found in Shaks., but more rarely : Much Ado, I. i. 318 —
' NVhat need the bridge much broader than the flood?*
2. A special river : (a) The Euphrates, Jos 24' ' Your fathers dwelt on tlie other side of the flood in old time' (-injn i^v?, RV 'beyond the River'); 8o24» (n?!:? ' from,' etc.), 2t"- ">. In Apocr., 2 Es 13« ' the most High . . . held still the flood, till they were passed over' (statuit venas Jlaminis, RV 'stayed the springs of the River'); 1 Mao V ' Bacchides . . . who ruled beyond the flood ' (iv Ti^ iripav TOO Tora/xov, RV ' in the country beyond the river'). Cf. Rev 9'^ Wye. ' Vnbynde foure aungels, that ben bounde in the great flood Eufrates' ; Milton, PL i. 419—
'With these came they who from the bordering flood Of old Kuphrates to ilie brook that parta P'k'ypt fr(nn Syrian [jround, had general names Of Ba.ilim and AshtiLruth.'
(6) The Nile : Ps 78" (D.T^l^3, RV 'their streams') ; Am 8*'"' g"***; the Heb. is iji'Or, the word for the Nile, the River, as RV ; in 8"" and 9'"' Mizraim ' of Egypt' ia added, but that is quite exceptional.
Sometimes RV translates boldly by 'Nile,' Is 19" >"■■ « ( AV ' brook '), 23»- '» ( A V ' river '), Jer 40'- ' (AV 'flood'). Zee 10" (AV 'river'). Cf. Ac 7" Wye. ' whanne he was put out in the flood, the daughter of Farao took hym up.' (c) Ihe^ Jordan: Ps 66" ' they went through the flood on foot ' (nAlUlr, RV 'river'). Cf. Pr. Bk. 1549, 'by the Baptism of thy well-beloved Son Jesus Christ, thou didst sanctify the Hood Jordan, and all other waters, to this mystical washing away of sin ' (so 1552, 1559, and Scot. Liturgy, 1604 ; but in 1662 changed to ' the river Jordan ).
3. An overflow of water, a torrent : Job 22" ' whose foundation was overthrown w ith a flood ' (lit., as Dav., 'was poured away and became a flood,' RV 'was poured out as a stream,' Heb. nAMr) ; Ps 32" ' in the floods of great waters ' (105^^ 0-3-! d:p, RV ' when the great waters overflow') ; 09'^ (nS:3pi shibboleth, the word which baffled the Ephraimites to pronounce, see Shibboleth) ; 69" ' waterllood ' (shihhuUth mayim, 1611' water flood') ; 90* ' Thou carriost them away as with a flood ' (onD-ij, lit., as Cheyne, ' thou stormest upon them ') ; Is 28^* ' a flood of mighty waters overflowing ' (zerem, properly a flood of rain, a downpour ; RV ' tempest ') ; Jer 47' ' an overflowing flood ' (nahal, RV ' stream,' Cheyne ' torrent,' who says, ' It is in autumn-time that the torrents of Palestine become dangerous, and water - courses, dry or almost dry in summer, become filled with a furiously rushing stream ') ; Dn 9-" 1 1--, Nali 1» (sheteph). In Apocr., Wis 5-' 'the floods shall cruelly drown them ' (Trorafids, RV ' the rivers shall sternly overwhelm them'). In NT, Mt 7^-" (irorafMul), Lk 6^* (■!r\:f})i/ivpa, fr. root of TrlfnrXtint, to fill) ; Rev 12'=- '" (irorafiis, RV ' river') ; and 12"> ' that he might cause her to be tarried away of the flood' (TroTano<p6pT)TOf, RV 'carried away by the stream ').
4. Noah's flood is always designated in Heb. mabbul, in LXX KaraKKvaiibs, and in Vulg. diluvium (whence Eng. 'deluge'). The relf. in OT are On gn 7«. 7. 10. 17 (,n 6u. 15. a lo'- 32 lli», Ps29"'; in Apocr., 2 Es 3"- '», Wis W, Sir 40'» * 44"- " ; and in NT, Mt 2438- S9, Lk 17-'', 2 P 2». See preceding article.
The only doubtful ref. is Ps 2910 • The Lord sitteth upon th« flood" (3i?; '7125'?), RV 'sat ajl king at the Flood'). The majorit.v of recent commentators take it with RV to be a ref. to Noah's t'lood. * The storm,' says Kirkpatrick, * reminds the poet of the great typical example of judjjnicnt and mercy, in wliich Jehovah's judicial severity was exhibited.' The chief argu- ment in favour is the use of the word (obsen-e that it has the article Hhe Flood'). Against is the unexpectedness of the reference to the Flood, and the prep. ("') 'at,' 'to,' or 'on.' Kirkpatrick says of the prep. : ' we may render, Sat for the Flood ; with His seat on His throne in order to execute that memorable jml^niicnt (Ps 9").' The tr° of AV (which is that ol Geneva Bible) makes the ref. to be to a flood of water in the Btonn itself. This is clear from the note in the Gen. Bible Johnson (^'J;fa^•^^r'» Co7;i.) agrees. But the storm is a storm of wind, not of water ; of rain there is no mention in the psalm, although it may be argued that it is presupposed. Cheyne carries the psalmist's mind beyond the Ncichic Flood to the original meaning of the word. That is ' destruction ' ; ' a wait- ing flood ' being only secondary. He therefore boldly ignorcf the Flood and any ref. to water, and tr. 'At llie storm Jehovah sat enthroned '(fioo^* of J'sahns, p. 81, and Grit. Note on p. 3S0).t