F. is the fragrant resin of an Indian tre?, Boswel- lia serrata, Stackli., procured by slitting the bark. It is imported through Arabia (Is 60", Jer 6-°). It is known in Arabia by a name kindred to the Heb., i.e. luhAn. It was one of the gifts offered by the Magi (Mt 2"). The 'incense' of both AV and RV (Rev 8^) should be ' frankincense.'
G. E. Post.
FRANKISH VERSION.— See Versions.
FRANKLY — In Lk 1*^ the verb ^op(<raTo is tr'' ' he frankly forgave.' The older VSS have simply ' he forgave ' (except Wyclif, 1380, ' he gaf frely '), and RV returns to that. The purpose of the AV translators was, no doubt, to brmg out on a special occasion the special force of this word, which, as Bruce says (Expos. Gr. Test, ad loc.), is a warmer word than i(pi4i'ai, and was welcome to St. Luke as containing the idea of grace (xap's). It occurs only in the writings of St. Luke ( Lk 7»>- ''^ *', Ac 3" 25"" 27") and St. Paul (Ro 8^=, 1 Co 2", 2 Co 07.10 1013^ Gal 3", Eph4»-, Ph 1«» 2», Col 2" 3"'^, Phi]em=»).
The Eng. word ' frankly ' is used, not in the mod. sense of candidly, openly, but in the old and literal sense of freely, unrestrainedly, as in Elyot, The Gouemour, u. 234, 'puttynge out of their citie their women and all that were of yeres imliabill for the warres, that they mought more frankely sustayne f amyne ' ; and in Shaks. Meas. for Meas. Ul. L 106—
' O, were it but ray Ufe, V\d throw it down for your deliverance As frankly as a pin.'
J. HaS'HNOS.
FRANTICK.— Sir 4" ' Be not as a lion in thy house, nor frantick among thy servants' ((pavraaio- Koiruiv, lit. ' conceiving fancies,' RV ' fanciful ' : Fritzsche understands ' su.spicious,' ' mistrustful,' argwohnisch, and is followed by \^a.\\[QPB]; but Bissell thinks the AV tr. suits the context best, and translates ' as a crazy man '). Tindale has 'frantick' for AV 'lunatick' in Mt 17" ' .Ma.ster have mercy on my soune for he is franticke' j and Sir T. More (Workes, p. 270) uses the word in nearly the same sense of Lutlier, ' And therfore among many folishe wordes of Luther, as fooli.she as ener lieretyke spake, he neuer spake a more frantike, than in that he saith that God hath nede of our faith.'
FRAY occurs in Zee 1" of the terrifying of the ' horns ' of the Gentiles, and ' fray away ' in Dt28'''", Jer 7*" of the driving away of wilil beasts from a dead body (all as tr" of I'ln^). Amer. RV prefers 'frighten.' 'Fray' is also found in 1 Mac 14" 'every man sat under his vine and his fig tree, ana there was none to fray them ' (oi'it fjv b iK<j>oliC:i' aiVoi's, RV ' to make them afraid ') ; and ' fray away' in Sir 22^ 'whoso casteth a stone at the birds frayeth them away ' (aroao^ei airi).
Fray is what phllologistfl call an aphetic form of ' affray. That "is to say, the old vb. 'affray' lost its unuLVented initial vowel by apbesis [a^ji»«j], oe 'esquire* becunie 'stiuirc,* and the like; and this happened to 'affray' while still spelt 'afray,' a s|>elling preservoii in iti* |>ast ptcp. • afraid *( = ' ntmycd 'X To 'iniy' is therefore orijfiimlly Ut 'disturb' (Aii(jlij-Fr. a^rayer, lateLat. t-i-.fridare, from fx and .friditt [Old lln;h Oer. /ruiuj * peace *), a meaning well illustrated by the exaniplee In A V
66
FRECKLE
FKEE, FREEDOM, FREELY
In Hog 10^^ Gov. uses both forma, * Yee ns a Ij-on roareth he, thftt they raaye be afrnyed, like the children of the see : that they may be scarred awaye from Kf^ipte, as men scarre byrdes : and frayed awaye (:xs doues use to be) from the Assiriana ionde.* The only occurrence of the vb. in Shaka. is Troii. and Cresg. III. ii. 21 : * She does so blush, and fetches her wind so short, as <f she were (rayed with a sprite.' J. HASTINGS.
FRECKLE.— In Lv IS'" Tindale uses this word as tr" of Heb. bChnk, which occurs only in tliis place : ' Yf there appeare in their llesh a glister- ynfie white somewhat blackesh, then it is but irekels growen iipp in the skynne : and he is eleane.' Wyclif's tr" (1382) \vas 'a weniine of whijt colour,' (1388) 'a spotte of whijt colour' (after Vulg. macula cnlorii candidi, whence also Douay, ' a spotte of white colour'). Cov. preferred 'a whyte scahbe,' Gen. 'a white spot.' But the Bishops' restored 'freckle' (in sing, 'a freckle'), and that was accepted by AV, 'a freckled spot.' RV prefers 'a tetter,' for the Heb. means more than we now understand by 'freckle,' though that word formerly described an eruption on the skin, as in Whitehead, Goat's Beard —
'The freckles, blotches, and parch'd skins, The worms, which, like black-headed pins, Peep throui^h the damask cheek, or rise On nosea bloated out of size. Are thin;;9 which females ought to dread.'
The word occurs also in Preface to AV 1611, 'A man may be counted a vertuous man, though hee haue made many slips in his life (els, there were none vertuous, for in many thinijs toe offend all), also a comely man and louely, though hee haue some warts vpon his hand, yea, not onely freakles vpon his face, but also skarres ' — where also the word probably means more than it does now. See Tetter. J. Hastings.