Marits Dods. GALBANUM (^^T'l /lelhc.nah. xa^/^'"'"). </«»«- mim). — A guin resin, Ferula (lalhanifliia, Boiss, et Bulise ; and F. rubricmdi.i, Boiss. It is known in Arab, by the name kinnah, and in Persian as birred. It occurs in the form of tears and lumps. The tears are round, yellow to brownish- yellow, translucent, and not larger than a pea. The lump galbanum is more common, and consists of irregular masses of a brownish or brownish-yellow colour, composed of agglutinated tears. Fruits with bits of stem and other im- purities are mixed with the resin. The odour is balsamic. Pliny {Xal. Hist. xii. 56) declares it to be a product of a kind of giant fennel, growing in Amanus. There are many species of Ferula, Ferulaijo, Collaclonia, and other large Umbellifer;ie in Amanus, but no such gum is now extracted from any of them, and none of the plants reputed to yield galbanum grow there. Pliny (I.e.) and Virgil (Gear;/, ill. 415) say that its smoke drives away serpents. G. is imported from India and the Levant. It is mentioned only once in the <)'[' (Ex 30**) as an ingredient of the sacred incense, and once in Apocr. (Sir 24"^). G. E, Post,
GALEED ("'>:';'-' ' cairn of witness," LXX BouMs tmpTvpd, E -Lov). — The name which, according to On 31*', was given by Jacob to the cairn erected on the occasion of the compact between him anil Laban. There is evidently a characteristic attempt also to account in this way for the name Gilead. The respective proceedings of Jacob and of Laban are uncertain, for the narrative is not only of com- posite origin, but has suffered through the intro- duction of glosses itito the text. Kautzsch-Socin remark that even if v.*" belonged originally to E (which Wellb. strongly denies, setting it down as a gloss due to pure pedantry), it is certainly intro- duced by R in the wrong place. A similar remark applies to v.** ' Therefore was the name of it called Galeed,' which probably was derived from J. There is a contusion in the present text due to the attempt to harmonize E's account of the erection of a mazz7:hdh with the statement of J that it was a 'cairn' ("1) that was erected. It is pretty certain that we should read ' Laban ' in
stead of 'Jacob' in v.*" (so Wellh., Dillm.). The LXX seeks inisuccessfuUy to reduce the narrative to order by means of transpositions.
LiTF.UATritE.— Commentaries of Del. and UiUiu. ad loe. : Mall in llaupt's .S/^^^T": Kautzsch-Socin, GeneMiti- T.S ; Wellhaiisen, (■.,;«/.. (/, Hex. 421'. ; Kittcl, Ilinl. of Ileb. i. H.'j, IOC; Driver, /-'"'"IT. J. A. SELBIK.
" GALILEE AN (raXiXaros).— An inhabitant of Gali- lee. The apo.stles, who spoke with divers tongues on the day of Pentecost, were .said by the crowd to be (ialiheans, which made the matter all the more .suriirismg (Ac 2"); a massacre of (ialiheans by Pilate was reported to Jesus (Lk 13') ; Pilate spoke of Jesus as a Galihean (Lk 23'') ; Peter wa.s told, when trying to conceal the fact that he was a Galiliean, that it was u.seless for him to do so, as his speech* betrayed him (MkH™); the attitude of the Galilieans towards Jesus is contrasted with that of the Jerusalemites (Jn4*^). In the article Galilee some traits of the inhabitants are men- tioned, to which very nmcli might be added. They were healthy, brave, and industrious; they de- veloped the resources of their province in a wonderful manner ; they were skilftd merchants, and added to their wealth by shipping their commodities to other parts of the world ; from a religious point of view, they were the most libef:il- minded people of Palestine ; they were enterprising, intelli.gent, and po.ssessed a poetical talent of very high order ; and in the great struggle with Rome, A.I). tiO-70, they were the strongest defenders of liberty of whom the Jewish nation could boast,
S, MEliUILI..
"GALILEE (^7>L',"i"7J^:',D"''J^' ^7?, Va\u\ala).—\l is singular that a province so well known as Galilre was in XT times, and occupying the place it did in the history of tlie .Jewish nation, is mentioned but six times in I )T (Dillm. also in Jos 12-3). Three of these being identical (Jos 20" 21*-, 1 Ch 0'«)— a mere statement of the fact that Kedesh, the city of refuge, was in fJalilee — the number is reduced to four. When Kedesh is mentioned (in these three passages), also the invasion of Tiglath-pileser (2 K 15-^), ancl Solomon's present of twenty cities to Hiram (1 K 9i*), Galilee is spoken of in the same familiar manner that it is in NT or in Josephus. There remains one instance only which attracts our attention, namely. Is 'fi ' Galilee of the nations.'! This has always been admitted to be a difficult passage. The only biblical commentary is the historical notice of Tiglath-pileser's invasion (2 K 15-5), I lie took Ijon, and Abcl-beth-maacah, aiul Janoah, and Kedesh, and Ilazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali.' Here Galilee appears to be as well known as Gilead ; and no hint is furnished as to its extent or character. The same can be said of the transaction between Hiram and Solomon (1 K 9""') ; for whatever meaning the word ' Cabul ' may have, it is evident that Solomon considered the twenty cities a proper and ample compensation for the favours he had received from Hiram.