The secluded recesses among clustering trees and bushes made the gardens a popular resort for purposes of devotion. They were often the haunts of idolatrous worship (Is 1^ 65' G6"). Baruch (0™) compares the idols, 'gods of wood,' set up in the gardens, with tlie 'scarecrow,' Trpo^acmaiiiov,
in a garden,' which 'keepeth notliing.' An abiding charm clings to the slopes of Olivet, be- cavise Jesus ' ofttimes resorted . . . with his dis- ciples ' to a garden there (Jn 18^ Lk 22^), where linger the deathless memories of Gethsemane. The Moslem who spreads his little carpet, and solemnly prays to Allah under the shade of the trees he tends, is true heir to the ancient tradi- tion of the Orient.
The garden sometimes contained the family tomb or burial-cave. In the garden of Uzza both Manasseh and his son Amon found sepulture (2 K 21" 21**). Nor can we forget that in the place where Jesus ' was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, wherein was never man yet laid. There . . . they laid Jesus' (Jn 19"- *") W. EwiNO.
GAREB (313).— One of David's ' Thirty ' (2 S 235«, 1 Ch ll*"). Like Ira, in the same verse, he is de- scribed as an Ithrite ('"iii'D), i.e. a member of one of the families of Kiriath-jearim (1 Ch 2*^). In notices of this kind, however, it is more usual to give the name of the locality to which the warrior belonged, and we should probably read with Wellh., in both cases, ' of Yattir ' (in;n), a to^vn in the liUl-conntry of Judah (Jos 15" 21", cf. 1 S 30"). See Ira. J. F. Stenning.
GAREB (ai;)-— A hill near Jerusalem, Jer Z\^. Its situation is uncertain, being located by some, e.g. Riehm and Graf, to the S.W., while others
Slace it to the N. of the capital. At the present ay there is a Wady Gourab to the W. of Jeru- salem. (See Neubauer, Giog. du Talmud, p. 150).
GARLAND.— See Ceown.
GARLIC (Dst' shilm, t4 <rK6pSa, allia). — The bulb- lets of Allium satiintm, L., still known in Arabic by the cognate tk^m. It is now, as in the days of the ancient Egyptians (Nu 11°), a favourite addi- tion to the complex stews and the roasts of the Orientals. It is cultivated everywhere in the East. Too often the natives reek with its stale, penetrating odour. G. E. Post.
GARMENT.— See Dress.
QARMITE (•p^3!^)• — A gentilic name applied in a totally obscure sense to Keilah in 1 Ch 4". The text in the LXX is hopelesslv confused (cf. Swete's ed., and nee Kittel's note in tiaupt's Sacred Bks. of OT).
GARNER. — Gamer, which is now archaic if not
obsolete, and granary, the form now in use, Ir th come from Lat. granttria, a storehouse for giain (it.self from granum, a grain, corn), the former through the Fr. gemier, a variant of grenicr, tlie latter directly. Gamer occurs in plu. Ps 144" (o'liij, the only occurrence) ; Jl 1" (nn>i«, a commoii word, used both of stores of any kind and of store- houses for any purpose ; the Eng. word ' gamer ' is narrower in meaning) ; and Sir 1" (rd diroSoxeia [B''''N, la B*"^] ; a word peculiar to Sir, where it occurs also 39" EV ' receptacles,' Cowley and Neubauer 'treasure'; and 50* EV 'cistern': it is also of wider use than ' gamer,' being applied in the last two cases to receptacles for water). In NT 'garner' is used in the sing., Mt3'^=Lk 3" (iTToditKr,, elsewhere in NT tr^ 'barn,' Mt 6=" IS**, Lk 12'»«). Chaucer [Prol. to Cant. Talcs, 592) says of the Keve, ' Wel coude he kepe a gerner and a binne ' ; and T. Adams, Works, i. 87, says, ' The Lord sends grain, and tlie devil sends garners.'
RV retains the subst. in all those occurrences, and introduces tlie verb, Is 62' ' They tliat have garnered it shall eat it ' (vf pxp ; AV ' gathered,' which RV uses for the verb i';(?P?, which occurs in the same verse). J. Hastings.
GARRISON.— See War.
GAS (Tdi, AV Gar), 1 Es 5".— His sons were among the 'temple servants.' The last nine names in this list, of whom Gas is one, have no corresponding names in the lists of Ezra and Nbheniiah. The AV form is derived from the Aldine text.
GASHMO (loys, rdo-e/t, Neh 6').— A form of the name Geshem (which see), probably representing the pronunciation of N. Arabian dialect. Projier names with the termination u (') are found in Nabatfean inscriptions. The words ' and Gaslimu saith ' do not occur in the older MSS of LXX { ABn*).
H. A. White.
GATAM (Dnv3)-— The son of Eliphaz (Gn 36" = 1 Ch \^), and ' duke ' of an Edomite clan (Gn 36") which has not been identified.
GATE.— 1. yi'i, root 1V5' ' cleave,' • divide ' (?) ; a gate or entrance of a camp (Ex 32^), city (Jos 2(1^), palace (Est 2'»), or temple (2 Ch 2320) ; irvXr,, porta. 2. jnn Aram., only in Daniel. A gate or mouth as of a furnace (3-°). Gate of the King or Royal Court (2^^). Corresponding terms in Arabic and Turkish are used of the califs and Turkish emperors, and of the Persian court (Gesen.) ; cf. 6vpa, fores. jn,n 'porter,' 'doorkeeper' (of the Temple), occurs in Ezr 7^. The usual Heb. term is yjS'S. 3. nns, root nng 'open.' The entrance of the gate of a city (Jos 20'', Jg 9**). 4. njii, root rh^ ' hang do^vu ' ; the leaf of a door, dual, folding doors such as the gates of a city ; icXwrios, valva. For Doorway and Door, and distinction between n^i and w, see House.