These artificial pedigrees abound in Arabic gene- alogies (see Sprenger), and also occur in Jewish ■writings — for example, the Seder Olam sutta. (Zunz, Gottesdicnstliche Vortrdge, Berlin, 1892, pp. 142 S. ; Asher, Itiner. of Benj. of Tudela, vol. ii. pp. 6ff.).
B. The Genealogical Lists of the Twelve Tribes. — These lists are found almost exclusively in Gn Ho^"^, Ex &*-'^, Nu 26^-'», 1 Ch 1-9. Thev exhibit difl'erent sources, and have suffered much in transcription, especially those in Chronicles, so that we often have little more than a con- fused mass of names, which defy any proper genea- logical treatment. The genealogies are partially figurative and artificial, and partially genuine family records ; but where the exact line is to be drawn between those due to fancy or theory and those due to records cannot always be deter- mined. In some instances there may be a com- mingling of both elements. The whole history behind these genealogies is very obscure ; hence the explanatory notes, when they depart from a recital of mere facts, must be received as tenta- tive. The lists are prepared also primarily for the purpose of locating OT proper names in this Dictionary, and many names are given which probably represent no real persons or families, but have arisen from textual errors.
N.B. The tribes are indicated by Rom. numerals. The vari- ous listfi under each tribe, grouped by generations, pedigrees, or other classifications given in OT, are numbered with Arabic Dumeralfl, providing a means of cross - reference. Heavy
(Clarendon) type Indicates the father of the person or perwDi whose name or names immediately follow. Italics indicate ft son of tlie preceding and the fattier of the succeeding (a con- tinuous line of descent from fatber to son is indicated by ft succession of names in italics). Tlie child or children of the jierson named in heavy tjpe or it.alics immediately preceding are given in ordinary type. Mothers' names are jilaced in brackets before their cliildren. The following abbreviations are used : d. daughter, f. father or father of, m. mother, s. sod of, ss. sons of.
Since these lista are found mainly in 1 Ch, the following abbreviations are used referring to its Uterature :
Be. = E. liertheau in Kgf. Uandb. 1S73 ; Ke. =C. F. Keil in Bil'lt Camm. (18721; KL=R. Kittel in the .'Sacred Books of the UT, a critical edition of the Hcb. Text, 1895 ; Kau. = E. Kaiitzsch In IHeUeilvje Schriftd a. T. iibersetzt und herawsgegehen., 1894; Oe. = S. Oettli in Kgf. Komm. 1889 ; Sm. = R. Smend, THe Listen dcr Bucher Ezra und Nehemiah, 18al ; We. =J. Wellhausen, l)e Gentihus et Familiis JtidteU quce 1 Chr. 2. 4. ejiinnrrantur, 1S70 ; We. I'rol. =» J. Wellhausen, Protegow-nfl to the Ilialoi-y o) y^(W^, 1885 ; Zoe. = 0. Zoeckler in Lange'i t'ommentary . 1870. [Unfortunately, Cray's Studies in lleb. Proper yamen and Hoinmel's Anc. Ueh. Tradition both appeared too late for use in the present article].
Jacob: (m. Leah) Reuben (l.), Simeon (ll.), Levi (III.), Judah (IV.), Issachar (v.), Zebulun (VI.), d. Dinah ; (m. Rachel) Joseph (Manasseli and Ephraim) (vil.'''), Benjamin (vill.); (m. IJilliali) Dan (IX.), Naphtali (x.)j (m. Zilpah) Gad (XI.), Asher (XII.), Gn 35^''-^, cf. 293'-30*' So" 10»-" 49=-', Ex !»-» etc.
This genealogy is a reflection of a more or less artificial divi.sion of Israel into twelve tribes (cf. the twelve sons of Ish- mael, Gn 251-* 1*^'). The history and the sentiment which occa- sioned such a motherhood, as well as the order of birth of these tribes, and the placing of a daughter among them, is only partially clear (see Israkl, and Stade, Gesch. i. 145 ff.).
1. 1. Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu(2), Hezron, Carmi, Gn 46\ Ex 6", Nu 26"-, 1 Ch 5^
2. Pallu (1) : Eliab, Nemuel, Dathan, Abiram, Nu 26>«-.
3. Joel(i)'>., Shema.iah, Gog, Shimei, Micah,
Beaiah, Baal, Beerah, 1 Ch b^'^-.
4. Joel (3)?, Sheina, Azaz, Bela, 1 Ch 5*.
5. Jeiel, Zechariah, 1 Ch 5'.
Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi are names of clans (Nu 2^^), of which we know nothing further. Hanoch appears also as a clan of Midian (Gn 25-1), and Hezron as one of Judah (Nu 20'^i): Nemuel is mentioned only in this connexion. For Dathan and Abiram see Korah. The relation of Joel to any of the four sons of Reuben is not given. Ki., after Sam. and Arab. VSS, removes Joel and inserts Carmi, but the Joel of vv.4 and 8 niaj b» the same (Be.) ; Shema (v.8) = Shemaiah or Shimei. Beerah(l Ch B*) was a prince of the Reubenites, carried away by Tif lath-pileser. Bela, with whom Jeiel and Zechariah are associated, repre- sented a powerful clan, occupying a wide extent of territory (1 Ch 68f).
II. 1. SIMEON: Jemuel,* Jamin, Ohad.t Jachin.t Zohar,? (m. Canaanitess) Shaul (2), Gn 46'", Ex 6", Nu 26'2-", 1 Ch 42*.
2. Shaul (1): Shallum, Mibsam, Mishma, Ham- muel, Zaccur, Shimei, sixteen sons and six daughters, 1 Ch 4"-^'.
3. [A list of princes], Meshobab, Jamlech, Joshah, (s. Amaziah) Joel, Jehu, (s. Joshibiah, s. Seraiah, s. Asiel) Elioenai, Jaakobah, Jesho- haiah, Asaiah, Adiel, Jesimiel, Benaiah, Ziza, (s. Sliiphi, s. Allon, s. Jedaiah, s. Shimri, s. She- maiah) 1 Ch 4"-^.
4. Ishi, Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah,
Uzziel, 1 Ch 4«.
The descent of Shaul from a Canaanitess mother (On 461'), Ex 015) implies a clan of mixed Isr. and Can. elements. No- thing further than their mention is known of the other clans. (On the early disappearance of Simeon see Slmeo.v). Mibsam and Mishma (2) are names also of Ishmael's descendants(Gn 25I4, 1 Ch 12y), and suggestaminglingofSimeonites with the Arabians. The princes (3) represent famihes of shepherds which, in the reign of Hezekiah, had conquered for themselves a dwelling- place near Gerar (1 Ch 43?-", Gedor MT, Gerar LXX, Ki.). The sons of Ishi are captains who went to Alt. Seir, and, smiting the Amalekites, abode there (1 Ch 4''2- IS).