On Ashhur (=Hur) see under (35d). F. of Tekoa, ace. Ki. is an annotation, cf. 1 Ch 224 (35^). Tekoa is near Bethlehem (see Tekoa). Naarah, evidently not this one, was a town on the borders of Ephraim and Benjamin (Jos 167), but no such locality has yet been identified with Judah. Hepher, mentioned in connexion with Tappuah fJos 1217) and Socoh (1 K 4l0), evi- dently belonged to S. Judah. Temeni ('JPT) properly means Southerner, i.e. of S. Judah. Cf. Teman f]?'n patron.iTnic Vp'R) of Edora(Gn 36" et al.). Ethnan (\;J?i<) is prob. identical with Ithnan f|:rf, Jos 1523), a city of S. Judah. For Izhar (in:*' Kt.) muit be read Zohar (iriiT 'and Zohar'). This was the family name of Ephron of Hebron (Go 23^ 25^), and also of a 0. Simeon
(On 401"). The other names in (42) occur only in this connexion. For Haahashtari ('"!nv'nNn = '-)J?r'C?? with art.) should be ' tht Ahnshlaritcs,' If this word is of Pcrs. derivation (Be. Ox/. Heb. Lex. ), it must be an explanatory gloss referring to the preceding families.
43. Hakkoz (Koz) : Anub, Zobebah, families of Aharhel s. Harum, 1 Ch 4^
Ko2(wronglv Hakkoz AVandRV, Heb. r'lp without art) ii a post-ex. family name (1 Ch 24io, Ezr 261, Neh S*- 1" 763 ; in »11 these passages the name has the art. ppn Hakkoz). The names of his children occur only here. Anub (y^y^) is prob. identical with Anab (3^y^), a town near Debir (Jos 16W>). Jabez, described in vv.y-, prob. was connected in some way with Koz.
44. Chelub (b. Shuhah) : Mehir f. Eshton (46), 1 Ch 4^'.
Chelub (aiS^) ifl clearly another form of the clan name Caleb (3^;) ; cf. Chelubai (1 Ch 29) (5). It is possible that for Shuhah (nn;c*) we should read Hushah (."Hf'in v. 4) (41). Of Mehir and Eshton, names occurring only here, nothing is known.
45. Eshton (44) : Beth-rapha, Paseah, Teliinnah f. Ir-nahash (city of Nahash, KVm), 1 Ch 4^K
Beth-rapha is otherwise unknown ; a Benjaminite Rapha is mentioned ICh 82, and Rapha 'giant' or the pi. Ili.'phuim 'gianta' 1 Ch 204. But these throw no light on Beth-rajiha. I'asuah is a post-ex. family name of the Nethinim, Ezr 24-', Neh 7^'', and it mentioned also in Neh 36. The other names do not ont-ur else- where. These ss. of Eshton are called ' the men of Recah ' (v.i-ij), a place also otherwise unknown. The LXX has Rcchab.
46. Kenaz : Othniel (47), Seraiah (49), 1 Ch 4^^*^ Kenaz was an Edomite tribe (On 36ii.i»-42 i ch IM.68).
Caleb, ace. to Nu 3212, Jos 14t»- 14^ was a Kenizzite. Othniel was the son of Kenaz ace. to Jg li^, where Kenaz is also designated either as the f. or b. of Caleb. These statements clearly prove a close relationship between the Calebites and the Edoniites. This is further reflected in Shobal f. Manahath, occurring in the list of Edomites, Gn 3623, cf. (37). Othniel, like Caleb, prob, is a clan name. UTiether the clan derived its name from a distin- guished hero Othniel, or whether Othniel is a purely eponym- ous character, cannot perhaps be determined (see Othniel). The close relationship between the clans of Caleb and Othniel is brought out in the story of Jg 112-16 (gge Moore in loco). Seraiah, a not infrequent name from the time of David onwards, OS the brother of Othniel, is mentioned only here. It smacksso strongly of an individual, and the later period of Israel's history, that it is prob. an artificial link inserted among these names. It is among the names of the companions of Zerubbabel, Elzr 2^'^.
47. Othniel (46) : Hathath, 1 Ch 4^^\
48. Meonothai: Ophrah, 1 Ch 4^^.
Hathath occurs nowhere else. Perhaps Meonothai should be joined as another s. of Othniel. It also is not found elsewhere, but probablv represents the inhabitants of Maon of S. Judah. Of Ophrah, the name also of acity of Benjamin (Jos 1S23, 1 S 1317) and of one of Manasseh (Jg e"), nothing is known.
49. Seraiah (46) : Joab f. Ge-harashim, 1 Ch 4^*\
See (30). Ace. to Ki. 'f. Geharashim, craftsmen * v.l* is from a later hand.
50. Caleb s. Jephunneh: Iru, £lah (51), Naam, 1 Ch 4^^.
On Caleb s. of Jephunneh see Caleb. This additional list of descendants of Caleb shows that the Chronicler's lists contain different groups of Calebites not reduced to a perfect genealogical system, but arranged somewhat independently of each other, reflecting, as already intimated, enumerations of different times, localities, and sources. Many writers (the older com- mentators generally) wishing to harmonize all of the OT notices of Caleb, and regarding each Caleb as representing an individual, have seen several Calebs in 1 Ch 2 and 4. Neteler (/)fe Bucker der bihlischen Chronik, p. 34) gives the following line of descent : Judah, Perez, Jlezron, Caleb Ben-hezron, Hur, Caleb Ben-huTf Salma, Kenaz, Jephunneh, Caleb Ben -jephunneh. A somewhat similar explanation is given in Zoe. (Eng. ed. p. 46) by the editor and translator, J. G. Murphy. For Iru Elah (nSx n'y), Ir and Elab (."t^Nl T],*) may be read (Ki.). We. (p. 39) finds the name Iru equivalent to Iram, a duke of Edom (1 Ch iw n'>' = DT>). One is tempted to join Ir (T>') 'city* with Elah in7i<=rh^H Dillmann, Gn 3641), and find reference to the city Elath (see art.). At all events Elah is an Ednmitic name (Gn 3641), and may be seen also in El-paran (px? ^'N), the wilderness soutk of Judah. Naara is otherwise unknown.