Gn 40'«, Nu 26" P. Patronymic, Haggites, Nr 26".
HAGGIAH (n;;n 'feast of J"').— A Levite, de- scended from Merari, 1 Ch 6"°. See tiKNEALOGY.
HAGGITES.— See Hagoi.
HAGGITH (nvn ' festal ').— One of David's wives, known to us onlj' as the mother of Adonijah, David's fourth son, whom she bare to him at Hebron, i.e. before he became king over all Israel (2 S 3*, 1 Ch 3-). Adonijah is usually introduced as ' the son of Haggith ' (1 K l"- " 2'»).
HAGIOGRAPHA.— See Bible, Old Testament.
HAGRI {-!in, AV Haggerl).— Father of Mibhar, one of David's heroes, 1 Ch 11**. Instead of 'ijn-j^ inz'^, the parallel passan:e 2 S 23*" reads '■?;•? 'J? ■";i"? ' of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,' which is probably the correct text. (Cf. Driver, Beb. Text of Sam. ad loc, and Kittel on 1 Ch ll"*).
HAGRITE (n-^.:). — Jaziz the Hagrite (AV Hagerite) was 'over the flocks' of king David, 1 Ch 27^'. See next article.
HAGRITES (1 Ch S'"- 1»- » AV Hagarites).— Hagarenes (AV and RV Ps 83", but RVra has Hagrites), c-xi^rin, D'xiJ-n, ci;ri (LXX ' kyaprfvoi, ' Ayyaprifol, 'Ayapa'ioi, 'Ayepa'ioi). Whether the tribe was of Aram;can or Arabian origin is uncertain. The name lirst appears in historj' in 1 Ch 5'° in the story of the campaign of the Keubenites in the days of Saul, in which the H. are described as driven out of the district lying to the east of Gilead. They are also named along with the two Ishmaelitish tribes, Jetur and NapTiish (1 Ch 1", Gu 25"), and an otherwise unknown tribe, Nodab, as the chief object of attjick on the part of the three Israelitish tribes east of the Jordan, on which occasion, according to our present text, tlie H. and their allies lost 10U,000 men (1 Ch 5'"---). That tlieir wealth consisted in cattle is indicated in the same passage by the statement that no less than 50,ii(X) camels, 250,000 sheep, and 2(XK) asses fell into the hands of the conquerors. The question has been often raised as to whether the name H. designates a particular tribe. Bertheau on 1 Ch 5'" assumes that the name is a late designation of the Bedawin tribes of Arabia generally current in the times of the Chronicler. It does indeed so happen that the name occurs only in very late wTitings, only in Ch and in Ps 83. Yet even there, at least in the psalm just referred to, it occurs alongside of the names of other Arabian and even Ishmaelitish tribes, which would have been included under it had it been used in this general sense. Many of the Jewish wTiters assumed that the H. were simply the descendants of Hagar. Dillniann and others think it extremely doubtful whether the name has any connexion with that of Lshmael's mother. It is not even quite certain that they were Ishmaelites. It is, however, quite evidently tlie intention of the Chronicler to represent the rf. as including several other Ishmaelite tribes, without jierhaps regarding them as coextensive with the Ishmaelites. That he associated their name with that of llagar is also highly probable. Tb.eir name occurs in the mid>t of a group of Arama'nn tribes (Schrader, CUT, ii. 32) ill the list of Tiglath-pile.ser III. (e. B.C. 727). In all probability thev are the same as the 'Aypaioi of the (ireck geograpliers, described a-s nei':hl>ours of the Nabataans in \orthcrn Arabia (StraiHi, XVI. iv. 2 : I'liny, vi. 32 : Ptolcin. v. xix. 2). Thev are certainly not to be identilled with the Gerr- hieaiis, a rich commercial [leople uu the Persian
282
IIAIIIROTH
HAIL
Gulf, of peaceable habits, quite unlike the restless roiiibative Ha'^'ites. Whether or not the or kIo! 'Ayap of Bar .T-^ are to be identified with the H. is a matter of little consequence. Perhaps this late writer, helon''ing to the later years of the apostolic ajie. intended only a vagjie reference to c'hildren of the East famous for their wisdom. The strange fancy that reads a reference to this people in St. Paul's allegory of Hag.ar and Sinai(Gal4'^) need only be mentioned as a curiosity in exegesis. On the use and probable meanin" of the word Hagar in that passage, see an admirable and extremely interesting note in Lightfoot's Galatians" (1S90), pp. l'J2-'200. If, as some believe, we have a reiiiiniscence of the H. in the name Hcdjftz, applied to the northern part of the strip of land to the east of the Red Sea, we must suppose them to have been driven gradu- ally .southward from their earlier home. Indi- vidual Hagrites appear in the history of David — one, named Jaziz, as the kind's chief shepherd (1 Ch 27"'). another, named MibTiar, as one of the heroes about the king (1 Ch IV). But see preceding two articles.
LiTERATUHE. — Ewald, History of Israel, i. p. SI.*; ; Stcinor in Schenkel, BibelUxikon, ii. 672 f. ; Kautzsch in Kiehiu, Hand- viortertiuch, 651 f. See also Cheyne, Book of Psalms, London, J88S, p. 233, and Origin oj the Psalter, 1891, p. 97 ; Glascr, Skiizt, U. 407. J. MACPHERSON.
HAHIROTH.— See Pihahikoth.
HAIL. — The interjection Hail ! was origin.ally an adj. meaning ' healthy,' ' in "ood health,' and came from the Scand. hcill, 'hale, 'whole.' It appears as a salutation in the oldest English, but always joined to the verb 'to he ' in the imperat. and retaining its adj. force. Thus in Anglo-Sax. Gospels, Lk I'* ' iial wes thu' = 'HaIe be thou ! ' Mt 28» 'Hftle wese ge'='Hale be ye.' So 'All hail' meant ori^jinally 'altogether whole,' hail being still an adj. But the verb being omitted, ' hail ' and ' all hail ' came to be used purely as an interjection. And so Shaks. is able to use ' all hail ! ' apart from the construction of the sentence, Eich. II. IV. 1. 169—