W. J. Beecher.
HEED. — Heed is either ' carefulness,' as Is 21' ' And he hearkened diligently with much heed ' (3;;S7"3T Dyg a'e'p.ii ; LXX ditpoao-ai aKpbaaiv iroW-l^v ; Vulg. 'etcontemplatusestdiligentermulto intuitu,' whence AV through Gen. ' And he hearkened and toke diligent hede ' ; Orelli, ' And has listened with most eager listening ') ; or simply attention, as Ac 3' ' And he gave heed unto them, expecting to receive something of them' (iTretx^" oi^rors). The phrase is always (except Is 2i' above) ' take heed ' or (less often) 'give heed,' and the only noticeable occurrence is Sir 6" ' Separate thyself from thine
enemies, and take heed <if thy friends ' (wpbarx,'). This tr" is from Wye. and Y)o\\. after Vulg. ' ah ainicis tuis attende,' the other VSS having ' beware of,' which K V adopts. The meaning of AV is prob- ably ' pay attention to' suspiciously, as in North's Pliitarcli (C\KiiTo, p. 879), 'After that time, Cicero and he were alwaies at iarre, but yet coldly enout;li, one of them taking heed of another.' But Shaks. uses the jilirase in the sense of ' i)aj' attention to' without suspicion, as Jtd. Cws. I. ii. 276, ' Three or four wenches, where I stood, cried "Ala.s, good soul ! " — and forgave him with all their hcaris ; but there's no heed to be taken of them : if Cii'.sar had stabbed their mothers they would have done no less ' ; and Coverdale uses it in t-he sense of ' take care of,' Hos 13' ' I toke diligent hede of the in the wildemesse that dry e londe. '
J. Hastings. HEGAI or HEGE Cjn Est g*-" x;ri 2', Val).—A eunuch of Ahasuerus, and keeper of the women, to whom the maidens were entrusted before they were brought in to the king. The name is probably Persian ; cf. 'H7(as, who is named in Ctesias [Pers. c. 24) as a courtier of Xerxes (so Roediger, Thes. Add.). H. A. WlllTE.
HEGEMONIDES {•HyetioMri^, 2 Mac 13-*).— An
officer left in command (<rrfxiTTry6s) of the district from I'toleniais to the Gerrenians (which see), by Lysias, when lie Wiis forced to return to Syria to oppose the chancellor Philip (B.C. 162). AV trans- lates 'made him (Maccakeus) principal governor,' but no parallel for such a use ot iiye/iovidiis is to be found. Syr. recognizes the proper name, but Vulg. reads Diuxm et principem. H. A. WHITE.
HEIFER (in all the passages cited below, the Heb. terra, is njijj,; except Nu I'J-"-, Am 4", Hos 4'", where it is n-r^. In the only NT occurrence. He 9", the Greek is Sd^"!^'')-— Tlie heifer is repeatedly mentioned in the Bible, in connexion both with agriculture and with ritual services.
That it was customary to use heifers for plough- ing is evident from the saying of Samson, 'If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle,' Jg 14". Ploughing and harrowing are both specified in Hos 10", and from this passage as well as from Jer 50" we gather that heifers were employed to tread out the com.
A heifer of three years old was one of the animals divided by Abraham ui)on the occasion of his solemn covenant with J", Gn 15' (J). A heifer was the animal olVered by Samuel at Bethlehem, 1 S 16-. When a murder had been committed, the author of which could not be traced, a special atoning ceremony was prescribed, Dt 21'"'. The elders of the nearest city had to take a heifer which had never been used for work away to a barren spot where there was a wady with running water, and there break its neck. Thereafter they washed their hands over the carcase, solemnly testified their innocence of the murder, and prayed that J" would forgive His people for the crime that had been coinmitted in their midst (see notes of Briver and Dillm. ncl loc, also W. R. Smith, i^^' 351). For the ritual pre- scribed in Nu 19^''- and referred to in He 9", see Red Hkifer. In Nu 19" AV reads, 'They shall take of the ashes of the burnt heifer of purifacation for sin,' which gives the sense (if not the e.xact tr") of n.s-rrri nj-i.i' ijvp better than RV, ' They shall take of the ashes of the burning of the sin-ofi'er- ing ' (cf. Oxf. Heb. Lex. s. nNsrj). The reference is to v.e.
The word 'heifer' is several times used in similes. F-gypt is compared to a heifer in Jer 46*, so is Chaldia in 50", the points of resemblance being probably beauty, strength, and wantonness
HEIR
UEIK
3ii
(cf. Am 4' ' kine of Bashan ' applied to the ladies of Samaria). Israel is compared in Hos 4"" to a Btubborn heifer that will nut accustom itself to the yoke (Nowack), and in Hos 10" to a heifer which has hitherto liad the easy task of treadinj? out corn, but is now to have the harder work of plou^'hiug and harrowing.
for ' heifer of three years old' of Is 15', Jer 48" (AV and KVm) see EaLATH-bHELlSHlYAH.
J. A. bELBIE.
HEIR. — i. Terms, eh; yarash, and Sn: ndhal, LXX KKruMvofiiu, KaTa.K\rif>ovoiUu>, etc., VuIk- heres $um, etc., 'inlierit'; ptcp. viy yOresh, LXX k\t)po- ri/ios, etc., Vulg. heres, etc., ' heir'; n-^-^; yerushshfih, •""i'T. yereshah, nx/yo rrUJrashdh, n^qj nahuldh, LXX KXriiouotda, K\i)pos,etc.,\u\'' hereditas, etc., 'inherit- ance ' ; c":;, '70;, and their derivatives are also com- monly used in the more general sense of 'possess,' ' acquire ' ; and figuratively of the relation between God and His people, e.(j. J" is the ruihdldh of Levi, Dt 10", and Jacob is the na/u'ildh of J", Dt 32'^ ; niD? btkh6r, LXX irpwrciroKos, Vultj. primogenitus, ' firstborn ' ; n-nz'^ bilMrdh, LXX ri TrpurroTdKia, irpcirroT-o/teia, Vulg. primogenita (ncut. pi.), 'birtli- right," ' right of the firstborn ' ; 'jnj gO'el, LXX dyxiffTfi^?, dy>;(ffTeiJwi', XurpurT^s, avy^ftv-q^, Vulg. cognalus, propinquus, ultor, 'next-of-kin'; Sx;, gd^'tl, LXX dyxLffTtOu, Xvrpiiu, etc., Vulg. propin- quitatisjure rctinere, eruere, redimere, etc., ' act as next-of-kin ' ; n^x?, gi'ulldh, LXX d7xi<rTfla, Xinpop, Xirrpuffis, etc., Vulg. propinquitas, etc. On bik/ior, go' el, and derivatives, see further below.