The adv. honestly is the tr° in Sir 22»of ^i* iyaBi (' If children live honestly,' in 070(^3 fug) ; in 2 Slac 12"and He 13'" (Anier. liV honourably ') of KoXis ; and in IJo 13", 1 Th 4'^ of ewxiMii'''"'!. 'decorously (Anicr. KV ' becomingly ').
The subst. honesty occurs only in 1 Ti 2* ' that we may lead a quiet and peaceabV' life in all godli- ness and honesty ' {,lv Trdtr-jj eva-f^eii^Kalffefii'dniTi, KV 'in all godliness and gravity'). I'"or the Eng. word cf. Joy, An ApiAoqy to \V. Tintlalc (Arber's ed. p. 19), ' Tindale sliulue have goten hym more honesty and le.sse shame yf he had writen once lesse to the reader ' ; and North, Plutarch, p. 852, ' The great force of Demosthenes eloquence . . . did so inllame the Thebans courage witli desire of honour, that it trode under their feete all nianer of considerations, and did so ravish them with the love and desire of honesty, that they cast at their heeles all feare of danger.' J. Hastings.
HONEY.— See Food, vol. u. p. 37^
HOODS is AV tr" in Is S'' of an article of female attire, designated by the Heb. term nE'jy. RV has turbans, and there can be little doubt that this is the correct rendering, and that it might ha\e been introduced into the te.\t of KV in .Job 29" and Is 62^ (AV, KV ' diadem '), as well as in Zee 3» (AV, RV 'mitre'). The derivation from zanrtph gives the meaning of something wrapped round, as the similar Arab, liffeh, 'turban-band,' is taken horn I riff, 'to wrap round.' In the East the head-covering is usually a protection against heat rather than against cold. The habit of keep- ing the head always covered makes it sensitive to cold, and during a time of severe weather Orientals cover their heads with shawls, after the manner of hoods, but it is not a permanent article of dress. See Dress, vol. i. p. 626''.
G..M. Mackie.
HOOK represents various words in both Heb. and Arab., and sometimes the meaning is very ditt'erent from what is usually understood by the Eng. word hook. 1. The hooks (cij) used in the tabernacle (Ex 26" etc.) are, in the Arab. VS, tr. by a word {T^zaz) which means a hook or ring with a spike for being driven into wood. 2. In 2 K 19^, Is 37^, Job 41=, Ezk 29^, the Arab. VS has rint! {khazd- met) as tr. of nij or pin. The ring meant in these passages is one which is put in the nose of a wild animal to bring it under control. In Syria gipsies frequently lead bears about among the villages by means of ropes fastened to rings inserted in the cartilage of the nose. In Ezk 38' nn is tr. in Arab, shakimat, the bit of the bridle of a horse. 3. In Ezk 40^ dps?' (gutters?) is tr. in Arab. inaAzih. 4. Pruning-hooks (.^^^I•:, Arab. mnnOjil), Is 2* 18', Mic 4», Jl 3">. In Syria pruning-hooks are somewhat like the reaplng- nooks or sickles used in England, only very mucli smaller. The handle is of steel, and of the same piece as the blade. It is hoUow, and, when the pruning-hook is used to cut down thorns, a long stick is thrust into the hollow handle. 5. Fish- hooks (.ijx, TO Am 4=, .i?n Job 41', Is 19», Hab 1" ; lyKicrrpov, Mt 17"). 6. Flesh-hooks (jSto or [nj'^ir] Ex 27^ Nu 4», 1 S 2's- '^ ; Arab, minshal), with two »r three prongs for lifting meat out of a pot.
W. Carslaw.
HOOPOE (n:-;- diikhiphath, (iro'p, -upupn, AV lapwing). — This bird is mentioned only in the list of unclean birds (Lv 11'", Dt 14'*). It is generally admitted that the Aoopoe, Upiipu epups, L., is the bird intended. It migrates to Egypt and the Saliara in tlie winter, but returns to Pal. and Syria at the beginning of March, and spreads suddenly over the whole country. The Arabs call it /nul/iud from its cry. Its Gr. and Lat. names are derived from its habit of inspecting the ground. The head of the hoopoe is depicted on the Egyptian monu- ments. It was supposed by the ancients, as also the modern Arabs, to search the giound for hidden wells and springs. This opinion is based on its habit of beniUng its head downwards, and alternately erecting and depressing its crest. The Arabs say that it reveals these secrets. In reality it is seek- ing its food, which consists of small insects and worms. It resorts to dunghills, finding it ea-sy to dig out the insects from the dung. But this is by no means its exclusive source of supply. Perhaps it was this habit which caused it to be regarded as unclean in the Mosaic law. It is not now con- sidered unfit for food. It is often shot, or caught on bird-lime, and sold with other game birds. Tristram .says that the Arabs call it the 'doctor bird.' Its general colour is russet, but the wings and tail are black, with white bars. The feathers of the crest are 2 in. long, and black-tipped. It is as large as a thrush. G. E. Post.
HOPE.— AV tr» of the following Heb. and Gr. words : —
1. naj (vb,), no? (noon). Job &">, Ps 16* (no^^ correctly tp" by RV'in safety'); ct. na^p JerlT', pnt3 Ec »» (elsewhere only 2 K 18'9= Is 36'). The vb. ns; (root perh. = ' repose oneself on ') ia very common In OT. AV generally tr. by ' trust.' 2. 7^5 (from root=' thick.' 'faf) Job 8" 312^, Ps 78'. It ia best tr' 'confiilence' (so AV, RV in Pr il^a, jtg only other occurrence in this sense). The form .1795 occurs Job 4«. 3. ncn^ Jer 1">', Jl 3i« (better RV 'refuge'; so frequently in Pss). 4. nipp, .Tipn Ezr 102, Job 48, etc. (the root mp is the frequent ' wait for (on) J" ' of OT). S. 6. Practically synon^inous with this are 7n* (vb., Kiph., Pi., Hiph.). nj-nin (noun), Job 6", Ezk i:i«, Ps 31« and oft., Pr 1312, and -aif (vb.), -q\r (noun), Ps llQi'MM 146», Est 91, Is 381S (root meaning 'look closely at,' Neh 213- 1»). 7. S'n (root = ' writhe'), 'wait anxiously,' La 32« (cf. On 81" (7), Jg 325, Mic 112, Job 35", Ps 377, Est i->).