On the other hand, when the new creation of man is referred to, the NT is exidicit in a.sserting that Christ is the prototype of the redeemed or renewed humanity. The 'divine image' is re- stored in those who are predestinate to be ' con- formed to the image of his Son.' We are ' renewed in the spirit of our mind ' only as we put on ' the new man — renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him ' (Col 3'"), — a new creation in which ' Christ is all in all ' (Col 3"). Likeness to His Image is only to be completed when the redeemed shall see their Ke- deemer as He is (I Jn 3-). The likeness shall then extend even to the outward form. ' lie shall fashion anew the body of our humUiation, that it mav be conformed to the body of his glory ' (Ph 3'-' RV) ; ' As we have borne the iniajje of the earthy, we siiall also bear the image of the heavenly ' (I Co 1,3«).
AH this is explicit and clear. There has long been a desire and tendency among theological thinkers to complete the connexion of the two statements. It looks extremely probable to infer that man must have been created from the first in the image of Him who was afterwanls to be incarnate for man's redemption, and who in re- deeming men conforms them to His own likeness. It is a tempting and perhaps innocent specula- tion, but not an ascertainment of biblical theology.
LlTKluilTRB.— Seb. Schmidt, De Imagine Dei in Uomine milf Lapntm, lOS'J ; Bp. George Bull, Utatc of Man before the lull (W orks, vol. li., llxford edition, IS4«) ; Kctrl, Per .Mentch das libenbild Qottet, 1S03 ; GriiiOeld, The Jmane anti Likeliest of (JmI in ilan (Lend. 1837); Laidlaw, The ItibU Doctrine of Man, 2nd ed. 1BB5; Crcnier, art, ' Ebenbild Oottcs' in PltH*; Driver, AVrmoiM on OW J'M(. 173 f. J. LAIDLAW.
IMAGINE, IMAGINATION.— The verb to 'ima- gine' ha-s always ill .S.\' lliii'bsoleto meaning of pur- pose, scheme, contrive. TliusGn 11' ' Nothing will be rcstraineil from them which they have iniagined to do' ('I';, KV ' thev purpose') ; Zee 7'* ' Let none of j'ou imagine evil against his biother in vour heart' (of-.r'^x, Amer. UV 'devise'). Cf. 1-lyot, T/ic (Jovernour, ii. 74, ' It was rei>ortcd to the noble emperour Octavius Augustus that Lucius Ciiina, wliich was susters suiine to the great Pompei, hud imagined his detho'; and Tindale, Notes to Deut., ' Zamzuinimg, a kinue of geiiuntca and signilieth myschevous or that be all way*
tD4
IMALCUE
LMMAXUEL
imagininnc' RV gcnenilly retains ' imagine,' but Amer. KV prefers ' think in Job C-", 'nieditato' in I's 2' 3S'S and ' devise ' in Ps 10^ 21" 14U-, Pr l'.'» Hos 7'», Nail !"• ", Zee T'" 8".
Imagination has always tlie sense of evil purpose, contrivance. This is so even in Ko P' ' beiaine vain in their imaginations,' where tlie Gr. is Sm\o- yi(7iu.6s, more consistently tr^ 'reasoning' in KV ; and in 2 Co 10" castin" down imaginations,' where the Gr. is Xoynr/iis, and AVni RV m give ' reason- ings' ; in the only other occurrence in NT of this Gr. word (Ko 2") AV and KV have ' thoughts,' KVm ' reasonings.' But ' reasoning ' is plainly too colourless, the evil intent in the Gr. words here beini' lost. For ' imagination ' in tlie sen.se of mischievous intention, cf. Is 55' Cov. ' Let the un- godly man forsake his wayes, and the unrightuous his ymaginacions, and tume agayne unto the LoRDE.' Tindale uses the word in the sense of a visible representation of a thought, Nu 33" ' Se tliat ye Jryve out all the inliabiters of the londe before you, and destroy their ymaginacions and all their Ymages of Metall.' The Heb. subst. sMririU/t expre&ses Jinnncss in a bad cause, and is mistranslated by ' imagination ' in AV : RV gives ' stubbornness ' in all its occurrences (Dt 29'", Ps SV, Jer 3" 7" 9" 11« 13'" 16'^ 18" 23").
J. Hastings.
IMALGDE, AV Simalcne {Ziv/juiXkow^ A, 'liia\Kov4 aV, Eifia\Koval ; Simnlchue, Emalclmel, also Mai- chus), 1 Mac 11^. — An Arab prince to whom Alex- ander Balas entrusted his youthful son Ai\tioclius. After the death of Alexander, in B.C. 145, Imalcue reluctantly gave up the boy to Tryphon, who placed him on the throne of SjTia as Aiitioehus vi. in ojiposition to Demetrius II. Nikator (1 Mac ll^^-"; Jos. Ant. XIII. V. 1 ; Diodorus in Miiller's I'rnrj. Hist. Grmc. ii. p. xvii n. 21). Elsewhere Dio- dorus (op. cit. n. 20) names Diocles, prince of Aboe in Arabia, as the guardian of the young (njinos) Antiochus. Josephus and the Syriac give tlie name as Malchus, Diodorus as Jamblichus, both representing the Heb. i^'jd', a name which appears on Palmyrene inscriptions. Cf. Sjjea/cer's Cumtn. and Zockler, ad loc. ; also Schiirer, HJP I. i. 247. , H. A. White.
IMLA ((fjD: 2 Ch 18'-»=Imlah [nte:], 1 K 22'- »; perhaps ' he is full,' and so ' fulness,' the first form of the name being etymologically the more cor- rect).— The father of Micaiah, a prophet of J" in the days of Ahab. C. F. BUENEY.
IMMANUEL (Sx-JTjy, 'E/t^ai/owiX, ' God is with us,' or, as others, 'God with us'). — The name of a child whose birth was predicted lay Isaiah, and who was to be a sign from God to Ahaz during the Syro- Ephraimitic war (Is 7). The name does not occur again in Scripture ; and much ditl'erence of opinion has prevailed on the question wherein the point of the sign lay, whether in the person of Immanuel himself, or in the meaning of his name, or in the time of his biri;h, or in the conditions of his life, or in several of these things together. Otlier things in the prophecy are also obscure. The mother of Immanuel is described as the 'almah (LXX Tj TTapecfot), a term which means merely ' young woman ' (cf. the masc. 1 S 17™ 20'-"'), though in usage it appears said only of unmarried persons. Even if the more technical word for 'virgin' (nSn;) had been employed, the term might have described the young woman merely at the moment when the prophet spoke ; the idea of a virgin conception and birtli could have been expressed without ambiguity only by a circumlocution. The force of the art. (•■i^H'C) may also be variously understood. Some take the art. as generic, referring to the class of persons called 'almah (Ec 7^), in which case the meaning -vvoald be that any or many of this class