12. [7'C^] from same root, only in plu. 0^^^^!) p^llm, is also
translated by RV 'graven images* in all Its occurrences (Dt 75. a 123. 2 K 17*1, 2 Ch a.fis. 22 343. *.7, Pb 783s, is loio 210 3u-3 i-i\ Jcr 815 603S 61*?-'2, Uos 112, Mic 17 613), e.\cept Jg SC' 20 where both versions have ' quarries ' in text, with ' graven images ' in margin. AV gives ' carved images ' in 2 Cn 3322 343- * ; elsewhere as RV.
13. -tpr? mam'kdh, lit, ' a pouring out,' is used of molten met.al, and (with the word for 'calf ' added) of a ' molten calf in Ex 32*. 8, Dt 910, Neh 918; or 'molten gods' Ex 34", Lv 1»4 (with word for 'gods'); but generallj' it .stands alone and is translated 'molten im.age* (Nu 33^2 [lleb, here adds zeletn],
Dt 912 2715, Jg ir3. * isu. 17. 18, 1 K 149, 2 K nil, 2 Ch ac-i 343 *,
Ps 10019, Is 3022 4217, Hos 132, Nah 1", llab 2i8). In Is 30i the words n^?.? Tjr^? are rendered in AV and RV 'that cover with a covering ' ; in RVm ' weave a web or pour out a drink-offering or moke a league.'
14. T^Ci n^^rk, or "p; ne^ek, from the same root as the List, is the word for a * drink-offering,' and is so translated by AV and RV in all its occurrences, except Is 412y 48^, Jer 101* 6117 where both versions have ' molten image,' and Nu 47 wherel)? jn nlcp is rendered in A V ' covers to cover withal,' in RV ■ cups to pour out withal.*
In the Apocr. 'image' occurs in the following places : 2 Es 5" 8" (both imago), Wis '2=3 7" l."?'-'- '• 14" (all eUwf), 14" {i/iiftair^ ekii-a, AV 'an exjiress image,' RV 'a visible image'), 15*(eWo!, RV ' form'), 15' (fki6i»), I51" {yXvTrrd, EV 'graven images'), I"-' (t;-t(i>) ; 1 Mac 3« (f MwXw, RV ' idol '), S"* {yXmrrd, EV ' carved images ') ; 2 Mac 2* {iydXfiaTa, EV ' images ').
In NT xopoif'^P is translated 'express image' in He 13 {xapaKTTjp TTJi virotrrdfffws aiTou, ' the express image of his person,' RV ' the very image of his substance,' RVm ' the impre.ssof his substance ' ; it is the only occurrence in NT of xopoirrTip, which gives us our word 'character'). Elsewhere image IS always f/kcii', and that Gr. word is always so translated in both versions.
Imagery occurs twice : Ezk 8" ' Son of man, hast thou seen what the ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark, everv man in the chambers of his imagery!' (^n'jr'J '"!ir!3, RV ' in his chambers of imagery'): and Sir 38-'' 'give themselves to counterfeit imagery' (t/t ouoidaai (uypaiplay, RV 'to preserve likeness in his portraiture'). In the Prol. to Dent. Tindale u.ses tlie word in the sense of images or idols, ' And toliewareetherof makyngo imagerve or of bowinge them .selves unto images.' Sir T. Elj'ot is very near the u.se in Sir when he says {The Govemour, ii. 403), ' It is written that the great kynge Alexander on a tyme beinge (as it liapned) iinoccupyc<l, came to the shoppe of Apellcs, the excellent paynter, and stamlyng bv liyiu whvles he pavnted. 'lie kynge raisoned witli hvni of lines, mlumbrations, J>ro|)ortion8, or otiisr lil;e thinges pertaiiiyng to imagery, whiche the pavnter a litle wbylos sutl'erynge, ..t the last .said to the kynge with the coiuitenance all amylyng,
452
IMAGE
IMAGE
Seest thou, noble prince, liowe the Ijoyo that CTj'ndeth my colours dothe lauyhe the to scorne ? ' Bp. Atterbury uses the word in the simie sense as Ezk, ' It might be a mere dream which he saw ; the imagery of a melancholick fancy.'
J. Hastings.
IMAGE. — About a score of Heb. words are ren- dered in AV ' idol ' or ' image.' See preceding art. and Idolatry. The terms reserved for tlie ex- pression which in Christian doctrine (to which the present art. is confined) represents 'image' or ' like- ness,' are oj'y and n:^-i, to which correspond eUwD and i>Moiuiris in the NT. For the latter Heb. word the LXX once at least uses loia (Gn u'). c^>- some- times (Dn 3'") signifies an aspect or expression of countenance. In biblical Greek Ka-r' tlKiva is some- times used adverbially = ' after the manner of,' as e.g. Hos 13''' >cot' eUboa eiSiiXuv, ' after the fashion of idols.' Wis 13" eluivi avBpwvov, ' in the manner of a man.'
There are two main biblical doctrines which find expression under these terms, viz. that of (1) mnn as made in the image of God, and (2) that of Christ the Son, as the image of the Fatlier, or of the invisible God.
I. The passages in which this view of man is expressly stated are: Gn l^*- " 5'- » 9«, I Co 11', Col 3'", Ja 3». To these should be added Ps 8, which, tliough not containing the phrase ' image of God,' is a poetical replica of the creation- narrative of Gn 1 as far as it refers to man. St. Paul's address at Athens is another passage where the idea of ' likeness ' between man and his Maker is fully implied, though the word is not used. A quite factitious importance has been attached to the difference between c^x and todt in the primal passage. There is really no difi'erence. At the utmost, it is that between an original or pattern and that which is framed according to the pattern. The double expression in Gn 1'-' and 5' is simply intended to strengthen the idea. The divine image which man bears is one corresponding to the Original.