JAPHIA (rc;; B 'U-pSd, A, Luc 'la4>alt ;
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JAPHIA
JASIIAR, BOOK OF
Japhia). — I. King of Lachish, who, together with the kings of Hebron, Jarmuth, and Eglon, joined Adoni-zedek, kinf; of Jerusalem, in attacking the Gibeonites after uie latt«r had made a treaty with the laraolites. The five ' kinga of the Aiiiorites ' were routed by Joshua at BetU-horon, and lied to the cave at Makkedah, where they were slain at Joshua's command (Jos W-).
2. (B '\t<t>lt^, 'lavout, 'lavoi/ou ; A 'A^, 'la^e ; I^uc. Ji'd^t^, 'Ax'faM. 'Io/S^7) One of David's sons l)om at Jerusalem ; the list Is given three times (2 S S"*"", 1 Ch Z"-* U*-'). J. F. Stennino.
JAPHIA (v?;). — A town on the south border of Zebulun, Jos 19". It is probably the modern Y&fa, near the foot of the Nazareth hills. See SWP vol. L sheet v. (cf. Robinson, BliF' ii. 343 f.).
JAPHLET (oS?:).— The eponym of an Asherite family, 1 Ch V"-. See Genealogy.
JAPHLETITES Cp^e;).— The name of an nn- identilied tribe mentioned in stating the boundaries of the children of Joseph, Jos 16' (see Dillmann's note).
JARAH (•ny:).— A descendant of Sanl, 1 Ch 9^. In 8^ he is called Jehoaddah, and Kittel (in SHOT) would substitute n-ij," for mj: (so Siegfried-Stade and [doubtfully] Oxf. Heb. Lex.; and Gray, Heb. Prop. Names, 283, n. 14).
JAREB (zx, 'lapel/j,, 'lap(l^) is twice employed by Hosea (5" 10") as a designation of the king of Assyria. Various opinions have been expressed as to whether it is a proper name or a descriptive epithet. AV, which, like RV, has ' king J.' in the text, offers in the mar" the alternative renderings ' the king of J.' or ' the king that should pleatF,' while Rvm gives 'a king tnat should contend.' Sayce (HCM 417) conjectures that J. may have been the natal name of the usurper who seized the throne of Assyria after the death of Shalmaneser rv. in Dec. B.C. 723, and who is known to history as Sargon II. It was natural that he should assume the name of one of the most illustrious of the early Bab. monarchs (Sargon I.), just as his two predecessors, who were also usurpers, ex- changed their original names (Pul and Ulula) for those of earlier Assyr. kings (Tiglath-pileser and Shalmaneser). Wbat appears to be a fatal objection to Sayce's theory, is tliat we seem compelled by internal evidence of the strongest character to assign the whole of Hos 4-14 to a date prior even to the deportation of the inhabitants of Gilead by Tiglath-pileser (734), whereas, if J. is to be identi- fied with Sargon, we should have to bring down the date of some at least of these chaps, to about B.C. 722, the year when Samaria fell. Others (like AVm, RVm), connecting J. (an;) with z'^. = strive, render, e.g., 'the warlike king' (W. R. Smith), 'a hostUe king ' (Gesenius), ' king Combat ' (Farrar), 'Kampfhahn' (Guthe in Kautzsch's .<4 T). Reuss, deriving J. from the same root 31, makes it = Lat. jHttronus, a title which he holds to be fairly applic- able to a king whose assistance had been invoked by Ephraim and Judah (2 K 15" 16'). Schrader's identification of 'the combata,nt king' with AjBsurdftn (c. 755) lacks probability, as is pointed out W AVhitehouse, who agrees with Nowack that J. is Tiglath-pileser UI. (745-728). A very attractive explanation of the name is ofi'ered by McCurdy, who considers that J. is a participial adjective from the root 331 meaning ' to be <rreat.' Jareb would tlius answer to the familiar title of hs&yx. monarchs, 'the great king' {Rist. Proph. and Mon. i. 415). W. Max Miiller (ZATW, 1897, p.
334) obtains the same meaning by dividing th« words 3T 'zho instead of 2t iVc. So also Cheyno {Ex-;iii.iitor, Nov. 1897, p. 364 ; cf. Expos. Times, ix [1898] pp. 364, 428). See further, Nowack, Kl Prop/i.ad luc; HeuhtMei, Zeitschr./. Assyr. iii 103; Hommel, Oesch. Bab.-Assyr. 680 ; Schradcr, COl^ ii. 136. J. A. Selbib
JARED (TV, pausal form n'. LXX 'lifiti, NT 'Idprr).— The father of Enoch, Gn 5"- •«• '»• "• *.
1 Ch P, Lk 3". See further, Jered.
JARHA iVTt')- — An Egyptian slave who married the daughter of his master Sheshan, 1 Ch 2'*'- See Genealogy.
JARIB (an;).— 1. The eponym of a Simeonite family, 1 Ch 4"= Jachin of Gn 46'°, Ex 6", Nu 26". 2. One of the ' chief men ' who were sent by Ezra to Casipliia in search of Levites, Ezr 8". He is called in 1 Es 8** Joribus. 3. A priest who had married a foreign wUe, Ezr 10". He ia called in 1 Es 9" Joribus.
JARIMOTH (A 'lapifuie, B ti-), 1 Es 9=».— In Ezl 10" Jeremoth.
JARMUTH (niD-i:).— 1. A town in the W. of Judah. In Jos 10 (J E) its king, Piram, joined the Canaanite league against the Gibeonites, and sullered death along with his confederates at Makkedah— all of whicli argues a place of considerable importance. (Cf. Jos 12" D-). According to Jos 15" (P) it was situated in the Shcphelah, and belonged to the tribe of Judah, which tribe on its return re-peopled the town (Neh 11=»).