H. A. White.
JASON ('Idffuy).— During St. Paul's visit to Thessalonica, he was the guest of one Jason. When the Jews caused a disturbance, they attacked Jason's house, and, failing to find the apostle, they took Jason and the brethren before the politarclis. The magistrates received security (ri Uaybv) from Jason and the others, and tlien dis- missed them. The brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas a\vay to Beroea (Ac W-). The nature of the security is not mentioned. Accord- ing to Ramsay (St. Paul the Traveller, p. 231), it was a security to prevent the cause of the disturb- ance, Paul, from coming to Thessalonica. This put a chasm between the apostles and the Tlies- nalonians, and hence he speaks (1 Th 2'^) of Satan hindering him (5i6ti fieeXrio-anei/ f\$eh irpjj iiftas, eyw liif llaOXos Kal c(7ro| Kal Si!, Kal {v(Ko\pev rnxai i Saravas). This explanation is ingenious, but will perhaps hardly explain the fijraf /tai SU.
In Ro 1 6-' the apostle sends greetings from Timothy, Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, his kins- men. This was very probably the same as the Jason of Thessalonica, — an identification made rather more probable bv the possibility of Sosipater being the Sopater of feeroea (Ac 20''). He would
then be a Jew (ol (riryyefets /loi'). It was natural that St. Paul should lodge with a fellow-country- man, and Jason wivs a favourite name fur Jews to assume whose Hebrew name was Joshua (Jesus); cf. Jos. Ant. XII. V. 1 : 6 pLiv oiV 'ItjctoCs 'ld(roya ^aiTiv /jLeTuvifiaaeV i Si 'Oulas 4K\-/)8ri MfffKaos. Jason did not apparently accompany St. Paul to Jerusalem (Ac '2U*), and therefore presumably remained at Thessalonica. A. C. Ueadlam.
JASPER.— See Stones (Prectous).
J ASU BUS Cldi^oi'/Sos), 1 £89*.— In Esr 10» Jashub.
JATHAN i'Uedp, AV Jonathas). — Son of ftiiemaiah ' the great,' and brother of Ananias the pretended father of Raphael, To 5".
JATHNIEL (Sij-An:).— The eponym of a, Levitical family, 1 Ch 26'. See GENEALOGY.
JATTIR (tb; and •»:). — A town of Jndah in the southern mountains, noticed with Socoli and Debir, a Levitical city, Jos 15« 21", 1 Ch 6*'^ [Eng."]. It was one of the cities to whose elders David sent of the spoil from Ziklag, 1 S 30". It a[)pear8 to have been far south, since it is noticed in the latter passage with Aroer. The most probable site is the ruin 'Attir, N.E. of Beersheba, on a hill epui close to the southern desert.
LlTERATCRE. — SiVP vol. iii. sheet xxiv.; RobinBOn. BRP^t. 494 ; Baedeker-Socin, Pat.^, 3, 163 ; Buhl, (JAPlm ; l>illin. on Jos IS'".
C. K. CoNDKR.
JAYAN (p.;, 'Juivav, 'EXXa's, 'EXXtj^es, Jiivan, Grcrcia, Grceci). — A son of Japheth and father of Elishah, Tarshish, ICittim, and Dodanim (the last a textual error for Eodanim, i.e. Rhodes) (Gn 10=-''). In Is (;6'» (cf. Jl 3") Javan is associated with the Gr. islands, and in Ezk 27" with the traders of Tubal and Meshcch, while in Dn 8^ 10"° ll'' it denotes the Macedonian empire. J., in fact, is the Greek 'laoir, ' Ionian,' and its position in Gn 10' shows that it must there mean Cyprus (in which Kition [Kittitn] was situated), called mat Yavnd, Ydnan, and YAnana, 'the land of the lonians,' in the inscriptions of Sargon and Sennacherib. In the Bab. transcripts of the in- scriptions of Darius Ilystaspis, Ydvanu represents the lonians of Asia Elinor ; and when, in B.C. 711, the people of Ashdod revolted from Assyria and deposed their lawful king, they put on the throne in his place a certain Yavanu or 'Greek.' Gaza was also called I6n6, and the sea between Philistia and Egypt was known as ' Ionian ' (Steph. Byz. s.v. Uvioi'). In the Ectp. hiero- gljphs Hanibu or Ui-nivu is rendered by Uinin or 'lonians' in demotic, and the Mediterranean is termed the 'circle of the Ila-nibu ' as early as the pyramid-texts of the 6th dynasty. One of the Tel el-Amama tablets (B.C. 1400) speaks of a Yivana or ' Ionian ' in the land of Tyre, and W. Max Miiller [Asien und Europa, p. 370) has pointed out that the name of one of the allies of the Ilittites in their struggle with Kamses II. must b« read Yevana, ' lonians? A. H. Savce.
JAYAN (jv), mentioned by Ezekiel (27") among
5 laces that traded with Tyre, but distinct from avan = Ionia, which occurs in v.". See preceding article. The verse in which it is found commences WiK- p,;i pi, and the third of these words is probably to be interpreted ' from Uzal,' a place in Arabia (Gn 10-'') ; tut it is not clear whether Uzal is to be regarded as the factory whence ' Wlddn and Javan ' exported goods to Tyre, or whether ' from Uzal' is an epithet of 'Javan' intended to dis- tinguish this Javan from the other. Of the modern authorities who regard the consonants of the text
JAVELIX
JEALOUSY
553
t
as correct, Smend thinks Javan may be the name of an Arab tribe, or of a locality in the nei;;hbour- hood of Uzal [Sand) ; while Glasor {S/cizze, ii. 428-436) is inclined to interpret [v as * Greeks,' supposing a Greek colony in Arabia to be simitied, but seems to prefer to identify it with Yaijn, a lace mentioned by Hanulani (ed. Miiller, p. 171, .. 10) as belonjj'ing together with Wadddn to the territory of Juhaynah, and indeed immediately after IJarrat an-Nar in the neij;hbourhood of Medinah (see Douglity's map). The situation of this Yayn can be fixed with some accuracy from the notice in Al-Iiekri (ed. Wiistenfeld, p. 859, etc.) J but altliough the LXX rendering {olni/) would seem to favour the reading [:: in Ezk, and the proximity of irat/i/wn seems to support Glaser's identihcation, the fact that there is no evidence of tliis Yayn having ever been a place of importance, or connected with the trade m iron and .-ipiees, or connected with Uzal, renders it impossible to attach any scientific value to the identification.