The only Jebusite mentioned expressly by name 13 Araunah, the o«-ner of the threshing-floor on the top of ' Zion,' which was bought bv David for the purpose of building an altar to J"(2S 24'*- '"• ^ ■ cf 1 Ch 21'»- '«• =8. ^ 22? 2 Ch 3') ; but it is reason-' able to suppose that Adoni-zedek (Jos 10' etc.), if not Adoni-bezek as well (Jg 1» ; see v.' e"d^ and cf. Moore), was Jebusite likewise. How, or when, the Jebusites obtained posse.ssion of tlieir strong- hold, we do not know: in the Tel el-Amarna letters (c. B.C. 1400), Abdichfiba is ruler of 'the land {or district) of the city of Jerusalem ' ; but, though allusion is made to the political action
'a ; T° ^Z ^^"^ ' "^^ ' '^"'' ' '^o'lnt'T ' Boverned by Abdicheba, the name of the inh.abitants is not stated. Nor do our data enable us to determine with certainty the racial affinities of the Jebusites ; though their position, and the Semitic name Adoni- zedek ('Zedek is my lord'), would lead naturally to the inference that they were a sub-tribe of the Canaanites. In Jos 10» (cf. w.'-»-'^) Adoni-zedek IS called a ' king of the Araorites ' ; but, in view of the manner in which ' Amorite ' is used in E (like * Canaan ite' in J) as a general designation of the pre-Israelitish inhabitants of Canaan, no con- clusion can be drawn from the statement as to the
dif' ■'
at ..
the Tel el-Araama letters.
The Jebusites are frequently mentioned in the rhetorical enumerations of the nations of Canaan, whom the Israelites were to dispossess (or had dispossessed), as Gn 15", Ex 3«- " 13», Jos IP (cf. Nu 13®); in these lists, perhaps on account of their being numerically the smallest, they hold nearly always the last place. The buildings of David on the 'MOlo' (2 S 5»), and still more the temple and palaces constructed by Solomon, must have greatly altered the appearance of Zion ; and few of its former Jebusite possessors can have remained there. The narrative of 2 S 24 shows, however, that David treated his conquered foea with consideration. According to 1 K 9»"-, the Jebusites, with other Can.aanit« races, were reduced by Solomon to serfdom, and made liable to forced service (tyj k) ahun). In Zee 9', where the future * Petrie, Syria and Egypt, p. 136 f.
wuoiu.i wtvu uc uiuwa iiuiu tne scatement as distinctive nationality of his subjects : there were ^t '>jjjst no Amorites b. of Phoenicia in the age of
JECHILIAH
JEUIEL
695
tncorporation of the Philistines in the kincdora of God IS promised, either (Wellli., Now.) Jeousite is an archaistic expression for Jerusaleiiiite, or (Ew.) the allusion is to the Jebusites of old, who were incorporated into Judah by David, — 'and he also shall be a remnant for our God, and he shall be as a clan-leader [or, a clan, i^(<] in Judali, and Ekron as a Jebusite.' ' S. li. DRIVER.
JECHILIAH (n;^.?; Kethlbh, n;^;- Ifere as in 2 K 15», Jecoliah ; LXX, B Xaa.a, A 'Uxf^^ii. ; Vulg. Jechelia). — The mother of king Uzziah, 2 Ch 2G'.
JECHONIAS Cl^xoWas).— 1. The Gr. form of the name of king JecoNIAH, employed by the English translators in the books rendered from the Greek, Ad. Est 11', Bar 1>» ; called in Mt 1"'- Jechoniah.
2. 1 Es 8" (LXX "). In Ezr Vfi SHECANIAH.
JECOLIAH.— See Jechiuah.
JECONIAH.— See Jehoiachin.
J ECON I AS ('lexovUii). — 1. One of the captains over thousuiids (xiXi'opxoO in the time of Josiah, 1 Es 1'; in 2 V\\ 35» called CONANIAU. 2. RVm of 1 Es 1". See .Jkhoaiiaz 2.
JEDAIAH.— 1. (.Tyn;) A priestly family, I Ch 9'» 24', Ezr 2»«, Neh 7* ll'" 12* '■ ■»• »'. 2. (same Heb.) One of the exiles sent from Babylon with gifts of j;old and silver for the sanctuary at Jerusalem, Zee G'"- ". LXX does not treat J. here as a proper name, reading tCiv (toU) iTreyvuKbruv (-Koam) avriiii.
3. (in;) ASimeonitechief, 1 Ch 4''. 4. (same Heb.) One of those who repaired the wall of Jerusalem, Neh 3'°. See Genealogy.
JEDDU (B'I««ot, A 'EiSoi), 1 EsS".- In Ezr2» Jedaiah.
JEDEUS ('ItSaXoi), 1 EsQ**.— In Ezr 10» Adaiah.
JEDIAEL('7!<y'r).— 1. TheeponymofaBenjamite family, 1 Ch 7»-i»-". 2. One of David's heroes, 1 Ch 11", probably identical with the Manassite of 12*". 3. The eponym of a family of Korahite porters, 1 Ch 26^. See Genkalogy.
JEDIDAH (n-in; 'darling' ; B 'leWo, A 'EJiJd).- Daughter of Adaiah of Bazkath, and mother of Josiah, king of Judah (2 K 22').
JEDIDIAH (n;T-i; ' beloved of J" ; cf. Sab. Sktu ; B 'loeSeJ, A E/tJiJid). — The name given to Solomon by the prophet Nathan, 2 S 12^ ' for the Lord's sake ' (.Ti.T no;';). See SOLOMON.
JEDUTHUN (pniT, pm- [in Kethlbh of Ps 39' 77', Neh 11", 1 Ch 16** pnn;],' LXX "liieow, 'I5.9u.m, etc.). — The eponym of one of the three guilds which, ace. to the Chronicler, conducted the musical sen-ice of the temple from the time of David downward.s. The name does not occur in the books of Sam. or Kings or in any pree.xilic document. Not only so, but tlie earliest of the i>ost-exilic writers know of only the Asaphites a.s singers (Neh 7**, Ezr 2"). There is indeed mention in Neh 11" of descendants of J. who di.schargeil this function, but in this pas!<age we have not the original memoirs of Neliemiah, and the reference is wanting in the l.X.X. The Chronicler makes J. like Asaph, a conteniporary of David, and gives him the title of 'the king's seer' (2 Ch .■»'»). While in 1 Ch IG*"- 25"- etc. the three guilds of temple musicians are named after Ileman, Asaph, an<l Jeduthnn, there are other pa-s.snges where the third name in the list is Ethan (I Ch 6** lo" etc.).