Without reference to these leading works the student will be unable to obtain correct information as to the views of the chief authorities, and the extant buildings ; but famiUarity with these, and with Jos. and the Mibhna, will be found eutticient, without reference to obsolete theories or to popular works. A valuable and exhaustive paper on the Talm. accounts of the Temple hafl been published by the PUF in 1886, repre- Mnling the labours of Dr. T. Chaplin for many years in Jerus. itfielf. The architectural history of the Qaram, by the present author, is detailed in Tent Work in Pat., and the "full details of the Temple In Bonder's Uandbook to the Bible, 1878. Recent discoveries have not, in any instance, upset the conclusions therein urged, and in some cases they have alTorded unexpected support to those conclusions, as shown in this brief account of Che Uoly City. C. R. CONDER.
JERDSHA (K?*!-!; 2 K 15»»=JERUSHAH r^\T 2 Ch 27', ' possession ' or 'possessed'). — Mother of Jotham king of Judah. Her father's name is given as Zadok.
JESHAIAH (n:!,'Bl-, vrvs"; 'salvation of J").— 1. A grandson of Zerutbabel, 1 Ch 3"'. 2. One of the sons of Jeduthun, 1 Ch 25'-". 3. A Levite, the ancestor of one of David's treasurers, 1 Ch 26*°. i. The chief of the B0n6-Elam who returned with Ezra, Ezr 8'. 5. Chief of the Merarites in time of Ezra, Ezr 8". 6. A Benjamite, Neh 11'. See
GENEALOay.
JESHANAH (nj?»;). — A town, named along -with Bethel, taken from Jeroboam by Abijah, 2 Cli 13'*. It is probably the modem 'Am Sinia, a village with a spring, about 3;^ miles north of Betliol. Sue StVP vol. ii. sheet xiv. In 1 S 7" we ought also (so Wellh., Driver, Klosterm., Kittel, Budde) to read Jeshanah for MT Sken (ja'Ci). See Shen. Probably the same place is meant by the Isanoj (^ 'laivas) of Josephus {Ant. XIV. xv. 12), where Herod the Great defeated the troops of Antigonus.
C. K. CONDER.
JESHARELAH See Asharelah.
JESHEBEAB (Dijny;).— A Levite, the head of the 14th course, 1 Ch'24". B of the LXX strangely enough omits the name, although thereby the whole number of courses is reduced to twenty- three. A has 'Iir^doX, Vulg. Isbnah. Kittel (see SBOT, ail luc.) thinks that aversion to a name compounded with -banl accounts for its elimination In B. See also Gray, Heb. Prop. Nainet, 24.
JESHER (■y^; 'uprightness').— A son of Caleb, 1 Ch 2'". i'he 'LxX luiaap would lead us to expect an o in the first syllable (cf. notes of Kittel In SHOT, and Baer).
JESHIMON.— This word occurs with def. art.
(jO'?»'n) in Nu 21» 23=«, 1 S 23i»- « 2G'- » ' Jeshimon AV, 'desert' KV in all. A similar variation is found in the renderings of LXX and Vulgate. The latter translates by desertum and solUudo except in 1 S 23^, where it has Jeskimon. The LXX renders it in Samuel by tov 'Itaaaiixoi {Eltffa... is a variant in A), but in Numbers by fpTj^os with the def. article. The Targums have po'i?' n-D in Numbers (nio-e" n-3 Nu 23^ Targ. Jon.), but in Samuel po's" ; Syr. has jid-pn tnrou''hout. Tlie word also occurs in 7 places in parallelism with midhbnr, which always in these passages has the def. art. (except in Dt 32'"), while jeshimon is without it. In Dt 32"', Ps 68' '78« 106" the word is used of the land through which the children of Israel passed on their way to Canaan, and there may be an indirect allusion to it in the other three places, Ps 107^ Is 43'"- «>. RV deviates from its uniform rendering of this ■word by ' desert ' in Dt 32'°, I's 68', where with AV it has 'wilderness.' Though in these passages no distinction be- tween midlibar and jeshimon is dranTi, yet there is a dilVerence in meaning ; midhbar * is strictly a place where cattle are driven (conip. the German 'Trift' and 'treiben'), the uncultivated region where pasturage (though scanty in parts) may be found ; jeshimon is the desolate waste without water or vegetation.
Some particular region of this character seems indicated both in Numbers and Samuel, and, as in 1 S 23'-'^ 26^ Ziph and Maon (places identified as being a few ndles to the south of Hebron) are mentioned as being in its vicinity, a tract of land to the west of the Dead Sea seems here indicatetl. The eastern slopes of Judah are called (Jos 15'^') the wilderness, and, though the cities there men- tioned show that the land was not entirely unin- habited, the fewness of tliem (compare the number six with the numbers of cities in other parts of Judah) is evidence of its barrenness. Though containing some fertile spots (as En-gcdi), the region as a whole may well be called Jeshimon, for to its character as a tiesolate waste many travellers bear witness. (For the descriptions of Robinson and other travellers, see Ritter, Comp. Geog, of Pal. iii. 108 ff. ; and cf. G. A. Smith, HGHL p. 312). The traveller descending these slopes from the cities of the hill-country first pa.sses through the pasture ground (the midhbar)iB the neighbourhood of Ziph and Maon (the wilderness of Maon, 1 S 23", of Ziph, 20'), and at length reaches the desolate waste (Jeshimon) by the Dead Sea. This tract of land may be referred to in Numbers, as it would be visilile from the highlands of Eastern Palestine, but 1 lillniann takes Jeshimon to be that jiart of the Arabali to the N. of the Dead Sea and E. of the Jordan, in which Beth-jeshimoth (the only place bearing a similar name) is situate. (See his Comm. on Nu21" ; and cf. art. Betii-jesiiimoth).