JEWEL is EV tr" of 1. ■^n Ca 7' 'The joints of thy thighs (RVm 'thy rounded thighs') are like
I'ewels.' The word comes from a root n^ri 'adorn.' t» only other occurrence is in \'t 2,>", where it is coupled with o;j 'nose-ring,' and where AV, RV tr. ' ornament.' From the same root comes 2. The Sir. Xfy- ■■^r" ("gain coupled withe;}) in Hos2"[IIeb."], used of the jewellery worn upon the occasion of a religious festival. Festal garments and ornaments ware in accordance with ancient custom, Ex 3""'-.
One who had not a special robe (Gn 35'), at least washed his ordinary garments (Ex 19'°) befor* approachinj; the presence of the l">eitv (cf. W. li. Smith, lis 433 r.). After the celebration wa» over, the festal garment and ornaments were put oil', because a certain virtue was believed to attach to them from contact with the object of worship, cf. Ezk 44'" ' (The priests) shall put oil' their gar- ments wherein they minister and lay them in the hol3' chambers, and they shall put on other gar- ments, that they sarn-lify not tlie people with their garments' ; cf. also the mantle of Elijah, 2 K 2"'- (see the interesting note of Nowack, A?. Pro/jA. 20).
3. '^iJ, a general term for ' article,' ' utensil,' 'vessel,' 'thing.' When coupled with ijj 'silver,' or 3nj ' gold,' or both of them, it is tr^ ' jewels ' in Gn 24", Ex 3*" IP 12" 35", Nu Zl'^- ", 1 S S^- ", Job 28" (with 1?), Is 61'"; so with -13; ('precious- ness') in Pr 20"'; with n-jxcn ('fairness') in Ezk jgi7. as 23='; with .Ticq ('desirableness,' 'precious- ness') in 2 Ch 20^" (cf. .1^913 in 32", where for AV ' jewels ' RV has ' vessels ').
4. Dij, which in EV is three times (Pr 11", Is 3^, Ezk 16'-) tr'' 'jewel,' means 'nose-ring.'
5. n|?J9, Mai 3" ' in that day when I make up my jewels.' Unfortunately, there can be no doubt that this beautiful and familiar phrase rests upon a mistranslation. The Heb. reads •:(! i?»< d'v^ '^ rn] .nV;5 n^y, which can hardly mean anything else than ' They shall be mine, in the day that I do make * (cf. v."), even a peculiar treasure' (so RV and Amer. RV, except that the latter gives ' mine own possession' instead of ' a peculiar treasure'). n^;p, applied in 1 Ch 29^, Ec 2* to a private treasure (of gold, silver, etc.) belonging to Kings, is repeatedly used of Israel as the special possession or prize of J", Ex 19°, Dt 7" 14= 26", Ps 135' (see Driver on Dt 7«).
In Ca 1'° where AV has ' rows (of jewels) ' RV gives 'plaits (of hair).' The Heb. is onin, the meaning of which is quite uncertain. Baethgen (in Kautzsch's A T) gives Gehange, Siegfried - Stade Schnure. In the second clause of the same verse RV substitutes ' strings of jewels ' for A V ' chains (of gold).' The Heb. is D-inn, which Siegfried-Stade tr. Perlen-, CoralUnschniire ; Baethgen, Schniire ; Oxf. Heb. Lex. 'strings of beads.' In 1 P 3' where AV has simply ' gold ' RV gives ' jewels of gold," which is a more exact rendering of xP""^"' (gen. plur.).
In Trumbull's Studies in Oriental Social Life (p. 319 S.) there is a striking chapter on the extent to which gold and silver ornaments are worn by the women of Egypt and Arabia. Oriental dress lends itself to ornamental treatment much more than the Western style- The materials may be gold, silver, and rich cloth, as well as precious stones. All the references in Scripture to jewellery imply that it was highly appreciated, and might easUy become dangerous to the moral life. It caused the tragedy of Achan ; and provided at ones the golden ciuf and the furnishings of the taber- nacle. Among Orientals, the same taste that enjoys rich heavy perfumes and bright dazzling colours in dress, naturallv found pleasure in the gorgeous display of jewellery. Jewels took the form of armlet, anklet, bracket, crescent, earring, nose-ring, necklace, and oft«n had a value of amu- let protection. See, further, Stosks (Precious).
J. A. Seliiik.
JEWRY.— The Gr. name 'Ioi>aaia was rendered by Tinilale Jexery (usually spelt by him 'Jury'), and this was aocepte<i by all the VSS following, except occasionally Rhcm. (Juda) and AV. The AV was apjiarently the first to uso the more accurate form Juilca, and it docs so everywhere in NT, except Lk '23', .In 7', where the earliei
* (T pvrhBiia * Ld the d«y wben I ftot' ; Mowvck, d«a ''otf 4m icJi Uatul anUge.
656
JEZANIAH
JEZEBEL
fonn Jewry has been allowed to stand. RV liaa everyAvhere the still more accurate spelling Judcra (wh. see). The Apocr. waa more carelessly tr^ in AV, hence Jewry is oftener retained, as 1 Ls I''' 4** 67.8.17 gi 8" 9», Bel »», 2 Mac 10" : but still Judm is the more frequent form. In RV the Apocr. is not more carelessly, but it is less eonsisteiilly tr^ than NT, and so Jewry is allowed to remain in 1 Es and Bel, but changed to Jiidaa in 1 Mae. In OT the form Jewry occurs but once in AV, Dn 5". The Aram, is ti-t;, a form which in the very same verse is tr^ Judah, as it is rendered every- where else e.xcept Ezr 5' (Judea). KV alwaj's Judnh. CI. Tindale's tr° of Mt 2»- • ' And they Kjij'de unto hym ; at Bethleem in Jury (t!js 'lovSalat). For thus it is written by the Prophet. And thou Betlileem in the londc ot Jury (yij 'lovSa), art not the leest concemynge the Princesof Judah {'loiSa).'