6. Finally must be mentioned the kiss as a token of love between the sexes, naturally seldom men- tioned even in OT (Ca 15, and in a bad sense Pr 7"), and, as might be expected, not at all in NT.
A. GRIEVE.
KITE.—There are two passages in AV (Ly 11", Dt 14'5)+ where ‘kite’ occurs as the tr. of as’ ayydh. In another passage (Job 287) AV gives ‘ vulture’ for ‘ayydh. In all RV gives ‘falcon.’ In the first two passages RV tr. πε d@dh and πὶ dayydh, ‘kite.’ In both AV tr. ‘vulture.’ In Is 34 RV tr. dayyéth, ‘kites,’ AV ‘vultures.’ Dd’dh, dayyah, and ‘ayydh refer to birds of prey of the falcon tribe. It is evident from the passages in Ly and Dt that the words are generic, and it is a waste of time to endeavour to fasten specific meanings on them.
There are three kites in Bible lands: (1) Milvus ictinus, Sav., the Red Kite, which may be the ‘ayyah. tis called in Arab. sa-f. It is common in winter, and in rainy weather the flocks of red kites sit motionless in rows on rocks and trees. (2) M. migrans, Bodd., the Black Kite, perhaps the di’ah or dayydh. Yt is very common in Egypt, where it perpetually hovers over the towns and feeds upon garbage. It comes to Palestine and Syria in March, and soon spreads over the country. (3) M. Agyptius, Gmel., the Egyptian Kite. It is distinguished from the former by its yellow bill and more deeply forked tail. It is found in Pales- tine chiefly in the Jordan Valley and adjacent ravines. G. E. Post.
KITRON (jmsp).—A Canaanite town in the terri- tory of Zebulun, Jg 1°". See KATTATH.
KITTIM (orn, i.e. prop. ‘ Kitians’ [note oyna in Is 23" Kt., Jer 3910], people of n3 [CZST1. i. 11], more usually ‘na Kition [1. i. 10, 11, 14, 19, 88 ete.];
* ‘Kiss the son’ Ps 2!2(AV, RY text), is an extremely doubt- ful passage. The MT 13 3pw)3 is prob. corrupt, and nothing is gained by simply substituting Heb. 13 for Aram. 73. Aq., Symm., Jerome (although in his Comm. on Ps he gives adorate filiwm) take ἼΔ τ pure,’ ‘choice’ (cf. RVm), and tr., respec- tively, χαταφιλήσατι ἐχλιχτῶς, τροσχυνήσατε χαθαρῶς, adorate pure. The LXX δράξασθε παιδείας (cf. Targ. N29 123, Vulg. appre- hendite disciplinam, and RVm), ‘lay hold of instruction,’ may imply a text 19:0 ΠΡ. Lagarde emends (17915) ὙΠ 3pyj ‘ put on his bonds’ (cf v.3), and this has been adopted by Kamphausen and Cheyne (Origin of Psalter, 351). Butin his latest view of the passage (Book of Psalms, 2nd ed., and Jewish Religious Life after the Exile, 1898, p. 112) Cheyne substitutes 3py3 (‘kiss’= ‘do homage’) for 1773 (‘rejoice’) in v., and drops 73, which, he says, is really a fragment of the word rendered ‘with trembling’ (7773): thus—
Serve J” with fear, And do homage with trembling, Lest he be angry, and your course end in ruin.
t The text of Dt 1413 is corrupt. For 7x77 read ANI, and delete 7°77 (so Ozf. Heb. Lezx., Siegfried-Stade, Dillm., Driver, 8teuernagel, following Sam. and LXX).
AV Chittim, so also RV in 1 Mac 11 8°),—A eople described in Gn 10* as descended from een and therefore belonging to the Greek οἱ Greco-Latin races of the West, occupying terri- tories stretching along the coasts of the Mediter- ranean Sea, Elishah, Tarshish, and Rodanim (Ῥόδιοι in LXX, better than Dodanim of MT), named in that passage alongside of Kittim, are now gener- ally identified respectively with Sicily and Southern Italy, Spain, and Rhodes. As these are all islands or coastlands in the West, it is natural to look to the same region for the localizing of the Kittim. That they were islanders is explicitly asserted by the phrase current among the prophets, ‘the isles of Kittim’ (Jer 2%, Ezk 278). But though distinetly Westerns in respect of geographical situation, they are represented as having been from the earliest times intimately associated with the civilized and commercial peoples of the extreme eastern limits of the Mediterranean coast. Thus Ezekiel (27°) mentions ‘the isles of K.’ as supplying Tyre with boxwood, or more probably sherbin wood, a species of cedar, out of which the benches or decks of their costly and luxurious ships were constructed. And further, we find that the prophet in this passage places ‘the isles of Καὶ, between Bashan and Elishah, therefore west of the former and east of the latter, i.e. between Palestine on the east and Sicily or Italy on the west. In 1529}. 13 Tarshish or Spain is said to hear from the land of K. of the fall of Tyre, which im- plies that the land of K. lay somewhere between Tyre and Tarshish. The country of the K., there- fore, must have been an island situated somewhere in the eastern part of the Mediterranean, to the east at least of Sicily, and not very far removed from the coasts of Tyre. Josephus (Af. 1. vi. 1) points to the name of the city Kition or Citium in Cyprus as a memorial of the residence of the K. in that island. This writer also, most probably drawing his information from tradition current among the Jews of his day, states that the ancient name of Cyprus was Cethima, and that it received its name ‘be Cethimus, the third son of Javan, who had settled there, and whose descendants held possession under the name of Kittim. Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis in Cyprus, whose life covers most of the 4th cent., makes use (H@r. xxx. 25) of the name K., in a wider sense, to include not only the inhabitants of Cyprus, but also those of Rhodes, and even of the coastlands of Macedonia. This, indeed, is quite in keeping with the later Jewish usage of this word. ‘The ships of K.’ in Dn 11” are evidently those of the Romans, and ‘the land of K.’ in 1 Mae 1 8° is evidently that of the Mace- donians. In this late period the name was applied generally to the lands and peoples of the West. The reference to the Romans in Dn 11 is quite distinetly to the expedition of Caius Popilius Laenas. This Roman general was sent in A.D. 168 against Antiochus Epiphanes, who had entered Egypt and attacked that country, quickly redue- ing him to submission and causing him hastily to withdraw to Syria. The story of the campaign is told by Polybius (xxix. 11) in language singularly like that employed in Daniel. See also Livy, Hist. xliv. 19, xlv. 11. This wider application of the name Κα. is quite in accordance with the usage of Josephus (Ant. 1. vi. 1), who says that it is from the possession of the island of Cethima or Cyprus by Cethimus that ‘all islands and the greatet art of the seacoasts are named Cethim by the ebrews.’ At the same time, just as here also in Josephus, it appears to be the unanimous opinion of antiquity that the original location of the K. was in the island of Cyprus. In very early times the Pheenicians had sailed up and down in the Mediterranean, and while