‘Lightning’ in EV stands once (Job 37%) for tx (‘light,’ LXX φῶς), and once (Ex 208) for τεῦ (‘torch,’ LXX λαμπάς). In Ezk 1" the Heb. is 73,
which is possibly a corruption of p}3 (Cornill, Smend). ere LXX (A) has Beféx, and so Theod. ; Symm. has ἀκτὶς ἀστραπῆς, and Aq. ἀπόῤῥοια 4
ἀστραπή. In two passages (Job 28° 38%, also RV Zec 10") ‘lightning’ is the equivalent of mn, a word the meaning of which is uncertain, though it is undoubtedly connected with a thunderstorm. Gesenius-Buhl renders it by Gewitterwolke, LXX by τίναγμα in Job 28%, κυδοιμός in Job 38”, and φαντασία in Zec 101, where AV has ‘ bright clouds.’
ἐξαστράπτειν occurs in LXX as a rendering of other Heb. words, Ezk 1.1, Dn 10°
In Apocr. and NT ‘lightning’ always stands for ἀστραπή or ἀστράπτειν. These words, however, like P23, do not always refer to physical lightning, and are not translated quite anions: Thus in Wis 1118 ἀστράπτοντες is ‘ shooting’ (AV) or ‘ flash- ing’ (RV) sparkles, in Lk 244 ἀστράπτουσα is ‘shining’ (AV) or ‘ dazzling’ (RV), and in Lk 11% ἀστραπή is " bright shining.’
Lightning is mentioned in connexion with thunderstorms, mostly in poetie descriptions, 2S 2215, Ps 1814 974 1357, Jer 1018 5116, Its association with thunder is the basis of a comparison in Sir 32 The Epistle of Jer (v.*!) refers to its beauty, and in the LXX Add. to Dn (318, Song of Three) it is summoned along with the rest of nature to praise God. God is generally represented as sending it, and the lack of the power to do so is one proof of the weakness of man (Job 38%). Lightning is associated with theophanies as at Sinai (Ex 19" 2018), in Ezekiel’s vision (Ezk 118. 14), and in various stages of the Apocalypse (Rev 4° 8* 11” 1618), It is regarded as an instrument of God’s judgment in Ps 144°, Sir 43%. In Zec 9% God's ‘arrows’ of destruction are compared to lightning, which seems also to be spoken of as His ‘sword’ in Dt 32", and as His ‘spear’ in Hab 3". The glitter of weapons is frequently described as ‘lightning in Job 20%, Ezk 2115.2, Nah 3% Either the speed or the flashing of chariots is compared to lightning in Nah Lightning is a figure for
LIGN-ALOES
brightness of countenance Dn 10°, Mt 28°, and of raiment Lk 244, for the suddenness of the Second Advent Mt 2477, Lk 17%, and for the swift com- pleteness of Satan’s overthrow Lk 10'*.
In some passages ‘fire’ evidently refers to lightning, as when ‘fire and hail’ are mentioned together (Ex 9%, Ps 105%? 148°), and when ‘fire from heaven’ is spoken of either as an agency of destruction (2 K 1! 1214, Job 1) or as a token of God’s acceptance of a sacrifice (1 K 18%, 1 Ch 21*), See Fire, THUNDER. JAMES PATRICK.
LIGN-ALOES.—See ALOEs.
LIGURE (ov'$ leshem ; λιγύριον ; ligurius, ligyrius). —In Ex 2819 3915, the only places where leshem occurs, AV accepts the transliteration of the Vulg. ligurius, first introduced by Wyclif (1380 ‘ligyre,’ 1388 ‘ligurie’). It is one of the stones in the third row of the high priest’s breastplate (see BREAST- PLATE OF THE HIGH PRIEST, vol. i. p. 319). The Gen. Bible gives ‘turkeis’; RV ‘jacinth.’ See JACINTH Ἐπ STONES (PRECIOUS).
LIKE, LIKING.—The adj. ‘like’ is used in AV for modern ‘likely,’ in Jer 38° ‘ he is like to die for hunger in the place where he is,’ and Jon 1* ‘the ship was like to be broken.’ Cf. Bacon, Essays, p. 48, ‘A Christian boy in Constantinople had like to have been stoned, for gagging, in a waggishnesse, a long Billed Fowle’; and Ruther- ford, Letters, No. xxi. ‘It is like the bridegroom will be taken from us, and then we shall mourn.’ The obsol. expression ‘like as’ iscommon. Thus Jer 23" “15 not my word like as a fire?’ Wis 18" ‘Like as the king, so suffered the common person.’ So are the expressions ‘like to’ or ‘like unto,’ as 2K 17'4‘They . . . hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers’; Ex 15" ‘who is like unto thee, Ὁ LorD, among the gods? who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?’ Cf. Udall, Hrasmus’ Paraphrase, vol. ii. fol. 278, ‘He once purged us frely from al synne, to make us lyke manered unto himselfe, whiche neyther any law nor any mortal man could be hable to do.’ ‘Like’ is often found with the mean- ing of equivalent ; modern usage would be content with the less expressive ‘same,’ as Ex 30* ‘of each shall there be a like weight’ (Tind. ‘of etch like moch’); Wis 7® ‘all men have one entrance into life, and the like going out’; Ac 14% ‘men of like passions with you’; 19% ‘the workmen of like occupation’; 1 P 37 ‘The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us.’ Cf. Preface to AV, ‘If we will descend to latter times, we shall finde many the like examples of such kind, or rather unkind accept- ance.
As a subst. ‘like’ is now only provincial ; in AV it occurs a few times: (1) the like, 1 K 10° |j 2 Ch 919 ‘There was not the like made in any kingdom’ (]}, LXX οὕτως) ; 2 Ch 1” ‘neither shall there any after thee have the like’ (13); Ezk 5° *T will not do any more the like’ (πῶ, LXX ὅμοια) ; 18 ‘If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things’ (ny; RV ‘that doeth any one of these things,’ RVm ‘that doeth to a brother any of these things’; see Davidson’s note); 45”, Jl 2? ‘there hath not been ever the like’ (3753); Wis 10} ‘ Therefore by the like were they punished worthily’ (δι᾿ ὁμοίων) ; Sir 7! (τὸ ὅμοιον) : (2) his like, Job 41% ‘Upon earth there is not his like’ (ὑφ, LXX ὅμοιον αὐτῷ) ; Sir 13 ‘ Every beast loveth his like’ (τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῷ) : (3) their like, Sir 27° ‘The birds will resort unto their like’ (τὰ ὅμοια αὐτοῖς) : (4) such like, Ezk 18 (059); Gal 52 (τὰ ὅμοια τούτοι:). Cf. Mk 913 Rhem. ‘al marveled, and glorified God,