The first point to consider is the amount of matter which is peculiar to St. Luke, and this may be estimated in different ways.*
‘ According to one calculation, if the contents of the Synoptic Gospels are divided into 172 sections, of these 172 Luke has 127, Matthew 114, and Mark 84: and of these 172 Luke has 48 which are peculiar to himself, Matthew has 22, and Mark has 5. According to another calculation [that of Reuss], if the total be divided into 124 sections, of these Luke has 93, Matthew 78, and Mark 67, and of these 124 Luke has 38 peculiar to himself, Matthew 17, and Mark 2’ (Plummer, St. Luke, p. xxxv).—Or we may consider the kind, as well as the quantity, of peculiar matter, and then we find that of the recorded miracles 6 are peculiar to St. Luke, 3 to St. Matthew, and 2 to St. Mark; while of the parables, 18 are peculiar to St. Luke, 10 to St. Matthew, and 1 to St. Mark. Or we may take the more mechanical method of reckon- ing by the number of verses, and we find that St. Matthew (RV) has 1068 verses, of which 337 are not found in St. Mark or St. Luke ; St. Mark (RV) has 674, of which 50 are peculiar to this Gospel ; while St. Luke (RV) has 1149, of which 612 are only found there. These figures show roughly the state of the case, and we may say that the peculiar matter in St. Luke is rather more than half of the whole Gospel. The following is a list of the more important longer sections found only in St. Luke :—
1-2.
31-14 the questions asked of John the Baptist by ‘the multi- tudes,’ * publicans,” and soldiers,
823-8 the genealogy of our Lord.
416-39 at Nazareth in the synagogue [this may be the narrative of Mt 13% and Mk 61, but is quite fees peste
5!- the miraculous draught of fishes, and call of the diset- les.
6% the denunciations on the rich, and on those well spoken
of.
71-17 the raising of the widow's son at Nain.
7% the anointing by the sinner, and parable of the Two Debtors.
813 the attendant women, the wife of Chuza
951-6 the rejection at the Samaritan village.
96. ΟΣ 4 would-be follower.
101 the mission of the Seventy [our Lord's address has much in common with the address to the Twelve, Mt 10'*, Mk 67#-).
1017-2 the return of the Seventy—Satan fallen from heave
10°42 parable of the Good Samaritan,
* See, «.g., Westcott, Introduction to Study of Gospe "ἢ γ, 191 Δ, - Plummer, St. Luke, p. xxxv ff ; Reuss Hist, of Sor, Eng. tr. ἡ. 176ff.; Hawkins, Horw Synopticw (from which the
calculation by verses is taken).
100 LUKE, GOSPEL OF
18 parable of the Importunate Friend.
127. 38. the comment of the woman on our Lord’s teaching.
218-21 the avaricious brother, leading to the parable of the
Rich Fool.
1247,
13!-17 the Galilwans slain by Pilate, the falling of the tower in Siloam, the parable of the Barren Fig-tree, healing of the woman with the spirit of infirmity.
1351-8 the message to Herod Antipas.
141-14 healing of the man with the dropsy.
1415-24 parable of the Supper i Mt 222].
1425 conditions of discipleship—the man building a tower— the king going to war.
158-82 parables of Lost Piece of Silver, and Prodigal Son.
101-: * Parable of Unjust Steward.
1014. 16 the Pharisees’ comment, and our Lord's rebuke.
1611 parable of Rich Man and Lazarus.
177-19 the nature of service—the Healing of the Ten Lepers.
1728: 28. 82 references to Lot.
181-4 the Unrighteous Judge—the Pharisee and the Publican.
191-10 Zacchieus,
191-7 the parable of the Pounds [but cf. Mt 254, the par- able of the Talents].
198%44 the Lament over Jerusalem.
2215. 27-32. 85-34 at the Last Supper.
237-12 Jesus sent to Herod.
2327-31 the daughters of Jerusalem.
2359-43 the penitent thief.
2345 the word from the Cross.
2413-55 the walk to Emmaus; the appearance to the Eleven,
and final instructions ; the Ascension(?).
1 1 1
Besides these longer sections there are a number of shorter passages of varying length and import- ance, which are peculiar to St. Luke, but are embedded in material common to St. Luke and one or both of the other Synoptic narratives. These amount to about 113 verses out of the 612 mentioned above as peculiar to St. Luke, and will be found collected in Hawkins, Hore Synoptice, p. 158 ff. In his ‘tentative and to a large extent speculative attempt’ Sir John Hawkins classifies these variations as follows :—(1) Cases where Luke may have retained while Matthew omits the occa- sions of sayings, which they drew from a common source, e.g. 111 13% 23 ete.; (2) cases where Luke may have retained while Matthew, after his manner, shortens, e.g. τοῦ; (8) later insertions from other sources, e.g. 224-44; (4) independent traditions, or variants of traditions, preserved also elsewhere, e.g. 12*-8 [cef. Mt 255, Mk 13%]; (5) additions which may be editorial, bringing out the prayerfulness of Jesus, e.g. 6, or the right use of wealth, e.g. 6-54, or heightening the effect of the narrative, e.g. 3!8 98; (6) Pauline expressions, e.g. 2184; (7) other various additions, probably editorial.
Finally, we have to mention cases where the general agreement of St. Luke with the other Synoptic narratives is clear, but where we find changes of expression or of order made by him in going over common ground. Such will be in part editorial and due to preference for a particular word or to the need of explanation, in part due no doubt to oral transmission. Special mention must also be made of the evidence afforded by ‘doub- lets,’ i.e. passages of similar content occurring in two different places in the same Gospel, and pos- sibly introduced from different ‘sources.’ These are carefully examined in Hawkins (Hor. Sym. p. 64ff.), who sums up the evidence as pointing in three directions—(1) to a use of two sources, probably Marcan and Logian; (2) to a freedom of the editors in using their own phraseology ; (3) to divergencies between Matthew and Luke which may perhaps imply the use of a special source by the latter.