LITERATURE.—Ritter, Erdkunde, Paldstina, 209; Robinson, BRP ii. 75; SWP iii. 333; Stanley, S. and P., and Lectures on the Jewish Church; Archives de (Orient Latin, ii. 411; Pal. Pilgrim Text Soc. Publications ; Palestine wnder the Moslems, p. 218; PEFSt (1882) 197, (1897) 53. C. WARREN.
MACRON (Μάκρων), the surname of Ptolemy, who was at one time governor of Cyprus under Ptolemy Philometor (2 Mac 10%"), and subse- quently governor of Cele-Syria and Phenicia under Antiochus Epiphanes (76. 8°). He is to be identified with PToLEMY the son of Dorymenes (1 Mac 388, 2 Mac 45).
MADAI.—See MEDES.
MADIAN.—Jth 2%, Ac 7” (both AY). MIDIAN.
See
MADMANNAH (73075).—A town of Judah in the south, noticed with Ziklag, Jos 161 (B Mayapelu, A Βεδεβηνά), 1 Ch 2% (where Shaaph the ‘father’ of Madmannah is a son of Caleb by his concubine Maacah; B Μαρμηνά, A Μαδμηνά)η. The site is uncertain. There is a ruin called Umm Demineh north of Beersheba, but this does not appear to be a suitable site. Dillmann thinks it may be the same place which is called in Jos 19°, 1 Ch 4% Beth-marcaboth (‘place of chariots’; ef. 1 K 9% 10%, Mic 1%). In the Onomasticon (279. 139) Μηδεβηνά (which, however, is confused with ΠΗ Madmenah of Is 10%) is identified with Myvoels near Gaza, hence it has been proposed by some to find Madmannah in the el-Minydy of Robinson (BRP? i. 602). This last name is a corruption of the Latin dimen = ‘shore.’ C. R. CONDER.
MAGADAN
MADMEN (jp1>).—A place in Moab, which, if the MT be correct, has not been identified. The name occurs only in Jer 48 (Gr. 31]*, where there is a characteristic word-play ‘217 j27>°02 ‘also, O Madmen, thou shalt be brought to silence’ (LXX καὶ παῦσιν παύσεται). It is a very natural sugges- tion that the initial Ὁ of 151 has arisen by ditto- graphy from the final Ὁ of the preceding word, and that for Madmen we should read Dimon (cf. Is 15"), i.e. Dibon (cf. 4818 in Jer). This appears to be favoured by Siegfried-Stade (s.v. 1515) and Buhl (GAP 268). Dillmann thinks it unlikely that in Is 25! the words προ ‘oa (Keré "ὁ 123) ‘in the water of a dunghill,’ there is an allusion to the name Madmen (supposing this reading to be ac- cepted). See, further, Cheyne’s note on this passage.
MADMENAH (73p7>, MadeBnvd).—A place appar- ently north of Jerusalem, named only in the ideal description of the Assyrian invasion, Is 10°. The name has not been recovered.
MADNESS.—See MEDICINE.
MADON (jinp).—A royal Canaanite city, noticed with Hazor of Galilee, Jos 11} (B Μαῤῥών, A Maddy) 12" (B Μαρμώθ, A Μαρών). Madon has been suspected to be a clerical error for Maron (by a frequent confusion in Heb. between 7 and 1; ef. the LXX forms above), the reference being to one of the two places in Upper Galilee called Mirtin and Marin. There is a ruin called el- Medineh (‘the city’) on the plateau west of the Sea of Galilee, but this is near the shrine of Nebi Sho’eib (Jethro), and probably connected with the legend of the ‘city of the grove’ taken from the Korfn. The site of Madon (which is noticed in the list of Thothmes I.) is therefore doubtful. See SWP vol. i. sheet iii., vol. ii. sheet vi. ; van de Velde, Mem. 146.*
C. R. ConDER.
MAELUS (A Manos, B Μίληλορ), 1 Fs 9% = MIJAMIN, Ezr 1035,
MAGADAN (Μαγαδάν : the reading Μαγδαλά, Mag- dala, of TR and AV has no support).—The name occurs but once in the NT. In Mt 1589 it takes the plese occupied by Dalmanutha in Mk 8”, where
odex Beze gives prop. man. Μελεγαδά, D' Mayacdd, and a few cursives Μαγαδά. In each case the indi- cation is general. After the miracle ‘he entered into the boat, and came εἰς τὰ ὅρια Mayaddy’ (Mt), ‘els τὰ μέρη Δαλμανουθά᾽ (Mk); from this we may justly infer that the two places were in close proximity, so that ‘the borders of Magadan’ correspond with ‘the parts of Dalmanutha.’ Brocardus identifies Magadan and Dalmanutha with a place called by the Arabs Me-Dan, or Syala. eis obviously confused. Me-Dan must be the Leddan, the stream from Tell el-Kadi; while Syala is evidently Phiala, now called Birket Ram, 4 miles east of Banids. Both sites are alike impossible. Megiddo, on the south edge of Esdraelon, is also out of the question. With the information at present available no certain decision can be reached. The direction taken by the boat is not stated, therefore we cannot say they sailed to the western shore. There is no site with a name at all resembling Magadan round the lake; and the only place in any degree like Dalmanutha is ed-Delhemiyeh on the eastern bank of the Jordan, a little north of its confluence with the Yarmuk. To this town may have belonged the land stretch- ing to the south shore of the lake. The identi.
*On the LXX reading ἀνὴρ Μαδών in 28 2120(Heb JD wy Kethtbh, })1D 'w Keré) see Driver, Text of Sam. p. 278.
MAGBISH
fication is hazardous; but if established would oint to the only recorded visit of our Lord to the 5. or S.E. of the Sea of Galilee; in which case Magadan would probably have to be sought farther to the east.
Schwarz (quoted by Stanley, SP 383) speaks of the cave of Teliman or Talmanutha in the cliffs overlooking the sea, W. and S.W. of el-Mejdel. This lacks corroboration: during years of inter- course with the natives the present writer never heard the name. Should it prove correct, it would be a strong point in favour of placing Dalmanutha at the south end of the cliffs where they sink into the valley which opens on the sea in the fertile plain of el-Fuliyeh (see DALMANUTHA). Here are a number of springs, walled round in ancient times, presumably to raise the level of the water for irri- ration. It is brackish and slightl tepid Where it enters the lake great ἘΤΕΙΣ ae fish constantly congregate, and may be seen from an elevated rock, closely packed over a wide area. On a rocky eminence south of the valley are extensive ruins which bear the name Khirbet Kuneitriyeh. Τῇ this identification be accepted, then probably e/-Mejdel represents Magadan, although the change of name remains to be explained. The village stands at the S.W. corner of the plain of Gennesaret ; it is a cluster of wretched mud huts, such stones as are used being taken from older buildings. That it occupies a site of antiquity is proved by the remains of ancient walls between the village and the sea. The position may have been chosen for a tower (Heb. 53:9: the modern Arab name also signifies ‘tower’ or ‘ fortress’) to guard, as here it could do effectively, the entrance to the plain from the south. A compuratively modern tower, now also ruinous, stands to the north of the village, and hard by a palm-tree rears its solitary form. A large thorn shelters the wely by the wayside, and several perenne trees afford shade, in which the village fathers spend most of their days. The inhabitants are of mingled blood, Arab, fel/ah, and gipsy; and they own no high reputation. Part of the plain, farmed by a capitalist in Acre, is cultivated by the peasants for a pittance. Their life is mean and miserable. Behind the village to the west, the mighty gorge of Wady Hamdm, with the robber caves, and the fortress of Jbn Ma‘dn in its precipitous cliffs, breaks away towards Kurtin Hattin, the traditional Mount of Beatitudes: the clear stream that flows down the vale, waters the ah of the plain and enters the sea hard by the village.