A. H. SAYCE.
MAGOR-MISSABIB (2255 32>; LXX, Theod. μέτοικον (-xov A*); according to Jerome (ap. Field), Aq. Ist ed. circumspicientem (περιορῶντα), 2nd ed. peregrinum (πάροικον, προσήλυτον, μέτοικον ΟΥ ξένον) ; Symm. ablatum (ἀφῃρημένον), or congregatum et couctum (συνηθροισμένον) ; according to Q™, oa Symm., and Theod. added κυκλόθεν with an asterisk ; Vulg. pavorem undique; EV ‘Magor-missabib,’ RVm ‘terror on every side.” LXX, Theod., Aq. 2nd ed. connect 733 with ‘3 to sojowrn).— Name given by Jeremiah (Jer 208) to Pashhur ben- Immer, governor of the temple, who had had the prophet beaten and put in the stocks. Jer 205 explains, ‘For thus saith J’, Behold, I will make thee a terror to thyself and all thy friends.’ The phrase oceurs also (not as a name) in Ps 31%, Jer 6% 201 465 49”, La 2%; where LXX has similar translations to the above, except Jer 49” ἀπώλειαν. See Field, Swete, and Giesebrecht (Handkom- mentar zum AT), in loco. W. H. BENNETT.
MAGPIASH.—See MAGBIsH. MAGUS.—-See MAa1, MAGic, and SIMON Maaus. MAHALALEEL.—See MAHALALEL.
MAHALALEL (5x¢an* ‘praise of God,’ ef. the name δαῦτο Jehallelel, ‘he shall praise God’ ; Μαλελεήλ). ---, Son of Kenan and great-grandson of Seth, Gn 515 35-15. 16.17 (p)=1 Ch 17, The name corresponds to Mehujael ($y:7>) in J’s list, Gn 4)", See MreHUJAEL. In the genealogy of Jesus, Lk
* Gray (Heb. Proper Names, 201n.) would point >xd$n9 (so also Nestle, Marginalien, p. 7).
MAHALATH
MAHANAIM 214
3°7, RV has Mahalaleel, AV (following the Greek, λιαλελεήλ) Maleleel. 2. The son of Perez, who dwelt at Jerusalem after the Captivity, Neh 11* (B Μαλελήμ).
MAHALATH (nbn>).—1. (Maed¢@) A daughter of Ishmael, and wife of Esau, Gn 28°(P). In Gn 26% (also P) a ‘Hittite’ wife of Esau is mentioned whose name was Basemath, and in 36° (prob. R) this Basemath is called daughter of Ishmael (Sam. has here and throughout ch. 36 nono, which, however, may be a harmonistic correction). The whole subject of Esau’s marriages is wrapt in obscurity (see Comms. of Dillm. and Holzinger, and art. ESAv in vol. i. of this Dictionary, p. 734°, note). 2. (Μολ(λ)άθ) Wife of Rehoboam, 2 Ch 1118, She was the daughter of Jerimoth, one of David’s sons, and hence a cousin of Rehoboam.
MAHALATH LEANNOTH.—See PSALMS. MAHANAIM (o:n> ‘two camps’ or ‘hosts’ (ἢ);
the LXX renders by Παρεμβολαί Gn 32%, 1 Καὶ 35, ἡ παρεμβολή 252”; in Jos, B has Βαάν (Mad), Maavd, Kapéw, A Μανάιμ; in 28S, B A Marden, Μανάειμ, Μαανάειμ (17% A Mavdew) ; 1 Καὶ 44 B Μααν- αιεῖον, A Μαανάιμ; 1 Ch 6” B Μαανάιθ, A Μαανάιμ). —An important city on the E. of Jordan, of which the exact site is unknown. The above explanation of the name is due to J, whose narrative (Gn 323-188, esp. vv.7!° ‘two companies,’ and v.!* ‘and he lodged there that night’) indicates that it originally contained an explanation of the manner in which the place obtained its name: poche this was omitted as inconsistent with v.*. In E, on the other hand, nothing is known of the dual meaning of the word, the forms Mahanaim, Ma- haneh (oun>, ™mH2) being used indifferently (327 ‘This is God’s host’ (mahaneh), ν. 31 ‘and he himself lodged that night in Mahaneh (not as RV ‘in the company’)).* According to Gn 32" (vy.1+? 18> Fy Wivoeoee Ν ) Jacob was here confronted by a vision of angels after he had parted trom Laban on the mountain range of Gilead. No further mention is made of Mahanaim until after the conquest of Palestine by Joshua, when it is described as lying on the border between Gad and Manasseh (Jos 13%-®). According to Jos 21% it was one of the cities of Gad assigned to the priestly family of Merari.
It was, however, more especially during the early period of the monarchy that Mahanaim came into prominence. Owing possibly to the timely assist- ance which Saul had rendered to the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead at the commencement of his reign (1S 11%), the country E. of Jordan long remained faithful to the house of its deliverer. Hence it was that, after the death of Saul, Abner established Ishbaal (Ishbosheth) as king of Israel at Ma- hanaim, in opposition to David, who reigned over Judah in Hebron (25 2%"). From Mahanaim Abner started on the expedition to Gibeon, which, result-
* It seems probable that Mahanaim is yet another instance of a place-name with an apparently dual termination which has arisen from a later expansion of the original termination in -dm and -ém (or -dn and -én). The most striking instance of this change is bys} (Jerusalem), which represents the Keré per- petuum for an original 0?¥7} (Aram. nbc). Similarly in Aramaic we find 1" ὙΣ τ) τε γ᾽ for the Heb. j\7>% (Samaria), while the Mesha inscription affords several examples of the termination in [=~ (-@n), which in Hebrew is represented by Ὁ" = (-aim). Other cases in Hebrew are Dothain (7 Gn 8717) and Dothan (jn 2 K 615); Kartan (5 Jos 215%) and Kiriath- aim (Ὁ ΠῚΡ 1 Ch 678 (60)), and Enam (ΟΠ Jos 15%4)=Enaim (c:y'y Gn 4821). For further discussion see especially Strack, Genesis, p. 139; Wellhausen, JDTA xxi. 443, Comp. p. 45n.; Philippi, ZDMG_xxxii. 65f.; Barth, Nominalbildung, p. 819; Ges.-Kautzsch, Feb. Gram, p. 256. Against this view, Konig, Lehrgebdude, ti. p. 437.
ing in the defeat of the Israelite forces at the hand of Joab and his Benjamite followers, proved to be the Be pont in the struggle between the rival kings. In their flight it is stated that Abner and his men passed through the Arabah along the right side of the Jordan, and thence made their way across Jordan and up the gorge (RV ‘ Bithron’) to Mahanaim. Despite this reverse the war between the house of Saul and David still continued until the murder of Ishbaal, which followed soon after the defection and death of Abner, left David in sole command. Presumably, the tribes on the E. of Jordan joined in the universal recognition of David as king and acknowledged his rule. That they proved faithful to the new monarch is shown by the fact that David, when driven from Jerusalem by the rebellion of Absalom, at once directed his flight to the capital of his former rival and was there royally received by the chief men of the country, among whom was a son of his former ally, Nakash the Ammonite (2 S 17%”). The encounter between the forces of David and those of Absalom took place in the Forest of Ephraim (which see), apparently the wooded district of Gilead which lay opposite to Ephraim on the E. of Jordan.* Information of the defeat of Absalom’s army was conveyed to the king, who had remained in Mahanaim, by Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, who, running by the way of the plain (17>7=the circle of Jordan, Smith, HGHZL p. 505), outstripped the previous messenger who had been sent ἮΝ Joab (2 5 18%). Apart from a possible reference in Ca 6 (RVm ‘of two companies,’ LXX τῶν παρεμ- βολῶν), Mahanaim occurs only once more, as the dwelling-place of one of Solomon’s twelve com- missariat officers (1 K 412).