(bb) At the command of J”, Moses sent from the wilderness of Paran Joshua and Caleb and ten others to survey the land. They went through the whole land, as far as Rehob on the borders of Hamath; and, after forty days, they brought back an evil report, that it was a land which ate up its inhabitants, and that all the people in it were giants. The congregation murmured against Moses and Aaron, who prostrated themselves before them. Joshua and Caleb protested that the land was a good land. But the congregation were about to stone Moses and Aaron, when the
lory of J” appeared in the Tabernacle, and J”
eclared that of the grown men only Caleb and Joshua should enter Canaan. The other ten spies died at once by a plague, Nu 131-17. 21. 25. 26a. 82 ] 41s. 2. 6-7. 10. 26-30. 34-83. (dd) When Israel, journeying from Paran, reached Mount Hor, Aaron died, and was succeeded by Eleazar, Nu 2072-29,
(ff) Israel marched along the borders of Edom to Moab, Nu 20” 214 10. a,
(ii) An Israelite brought in a Midianite woman ; whereupon there came a plague, which was stayed by the execution of the guilty couple by Phinehas the grandson of Aaron. J” bade Moses promise Phinehas ‘an everlasting priesthood,’ Nu 25%, (jj) Moses and Eleazar took a second census, none of those included in the former census surviving,
* From various strata of P.
+ See Numbers, p. 570%.
¢ Korah, Dathan, and Abiram in vv.%27s=R, A later priestly writer has made additions, according to which Korah and the princes were Levites, who sought the priesthood, and specially attacked Aaron, 161- son .. . Levi. 8-11. 16. 17. 32b. 37-40,
§ Nu 1710,
|| Wherein the sin of Moses and Aaron lay is not clear. The LXX for ‘shall we bring forth?’ μὴ ἐξά ξομεεν, may imply that he doubted whether they could. Ps 106%3 states Ὁ Moses ‘spake unadvisedly (53%) with his lips.’
MOSES
except Joshua and Caleb, Nu 26. (kk) J” told Moses he was about to die; and, at J”s command, Moses appointed Joshua his successor, Nu 27. (1) Moses delivered final laws, ete., Nu 28-30. The Israelites defeated the Midianites and slew Balaam, Nu 3l. (mm) Moses gave the territories of Sihon and Og to Reuben and Gad, Nu 32!-83.*
(nn) Moses went up to Mt. Nebo and died there, at the age of 120, in full possession of all hia faculties. The Israelites mourned him thirty days; and Joshua succeeded him, ‘full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him,’ Dt 8415. 7°,
v. Moses in 1), ete.—The additions made by the Deuteronomic writers and the various editors to the Pentateuch simply expound, interpret, and harmonize the information given by the older sources, and add nothing to our knowledge of the character and work of Moses. The various songs, though probably included in J and E, or JE, ete., are really independent sources. Ex 157-18 (Song at the Red Sea) is doubtless the oldest account of the
eat deliverance. It states, in accordance with
, that J”, through a mighty wind, which first held back and then let loose the waters, over- whelmed the Egyptians in the Dead Sea. The ‘ Blessing of Moses,’ Dt 33, speaks of a Theophany from Sinai, Seir, Mt. Paran, of a Law given by Moses, whot was ‘king in Jeshurun,’ and con- nects Levi with Massah and Meribah, either because Levi was regarded as equivalent to Moses, or else following an otherwise unknown tradition.
vi. Moses in the OT outside the Pentateuch.— In the pre-exilic prophets, Hos 12", sometimes regarded as a later addition, states that J” brought up Israel from Egypt, and preserved him, by a
rophet ; Mic 64+ refers to Moses, Aaron, and Riana as the leaders of Israel in the Exodus ; Jer 15! couples Moses with Samuel. In the post- exilic prophets Moses is referred to in Is 634},
and the law of Moses in Mal 4%, Dn 94-18, In the Psalter, Ps 105. 106 are a lyrical summary of the history of the Exodus; they are Ὁ on an
edition of the Pentateuch, in which P had already been combined with JED, but which did not con- tain some of the latest priestly additions. Moses and Aaron are also referred to in 77” as leaders of the people, and in 99°&— * Moses and Aaron among his priests, And Samuel among them that call upon his name.’
In Jos the Deuteronomie editors make frequent reference to the ‘law of Moses,’ z.e. D, which, according to them, was strictly observed by Joshua and the elders of his generation, e.g. 830-85 In Sam.-Kings, the Deuteron. editors seem to hold that this law was ignored till discovered in the temple in the reign of Josiah. In Ch, the priestly edition of the history, the law of Moses, i.e. the laws of the Pentateuch, was strictly ob- served by all good kings from David onwards.
In Jos 241” (E) Joshua’s farewell speech gives a brief summary of the history of the Exodus, beginning, ‘I sent Moses and Aaron.’§ There is a similar reference to Moses and Aaron in 1 Καὶ 12° (E ἢ), Samuel’s farewell speech. 1 Ch 231-7 gives the sons and grandsons of ‘ Moses the man of God,’ and states that they were reckoned with (>y :x77) the tribe of Levi.