MOTHER.—See Famity.
MOTION.—In 2 Es 6 ‘motion’ is used loosely for ‘commotion’ (Lat. commotio). In Wis 5" the meaning is ‘movement’: ‘As when a bird hath flown through the air, there is no token of her bil bas be found, but the light air being beaten with the stroke of her wings, and parted with the violent noise and motion of them, is passed through’ (βίᾳ ῥοίζου κινουμένων πτερύγων ; RV ‘ with the violent rush of the moving wings’). Cf. Bacon, Essays, p. 176, ‘In Beauty, that of Favour is more then that of Colour, and that of Decent andl pracumas Motion, more then that of Favour.’ In Wis 7* ‘ For wisdom is more moving than an motion’ (πάσης yap κινήσεως κινητικώτερον σοφία ; R ‘more mobile than any motion,’ after Vulg. ‘ Omni- bus enim mobilibus mobilior’), the reference is to the speed of thought. Farrar aptly quotes Cowper—
* How fleet is the glance of the mind! Compared with the srood of its flight, The tempest itself lags behind ; And the swift-winged arrows of light.’
The only other occurrence of the word is in Ro 7° ‘For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were by the law, did work in our mem- bers, to brin Tam fruit unto death’ (ra παθήματα τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, RV ‘the sinful passions,’ RVm ‘Gr. passions of sins’: this is Wyclif’s tr. ‘ passiouns of synnes,’ so also Rhemish NT; ‘motions’ comes from the Gen. Bible). The word was often used by writers of the day in this sense of mental or spiritual impulse or agitation. It became almost a technical expression in Scotch Reformed religion. Thus Knox, Works, iii. 286, ‘When I feele an taste or motion of these promyses, then thinke myselfe most happy’; Livingstone (in Select Bio-
raphies of Wodrow Soc., p. 305), ‘He [Robert
ruce} did goe on, and celebrated the communion to the rest with such assistance and motion, as had not been seen in that place before’; Melvill, Diary, 16, ‘ Ther first I fand (blysed be my guid God for it !) that Spirit of sanctification beginning to work some motiones in my hart, even about the aught and nynt ΤΕΣ οὗ my age’; and p. 37, ‘ Onlie now and then I[ fand sum sweit and constant motiones of the feir and love of God within me.’ Cf. also Bacon, Essays (Gold. Treas. ed. p. 38), ‘There is in Mans Nature, a secret Inclination, and Motion, towards love of others’; p. 52, ‘He
that standeth at a stay, when others rise, can hardly avoid Motions of Envy’; and Shaks. Jul Ces, τι. i. 64— “ Between the acting of a dreadful thing And the first motion, all the interim is Like a phantasma or a hideous dream.’
In the Preface to AV ‘motion’ is used in the sense of ‘proposal.’ So Fuller speaks of Eliezer, Abraham’s servant: ‘Then concludes he, with desiring a direct answer to his motion.’ Cf. Berners, Froissart, p. 208 (Globe ed.), ‘And then he said to his cardinals: Sirs, make you ready, for I will to Rome. Of that motion his cardinals were sore abashed and displeased, for they loved not the Romans.’
In the Preface to AV occurs the verb to ‘motion’: ‘In some Common-weales it was made a capitall crime, once to motion the making of a new law.’ Cf. Milton, Samson, 222—
‘They knew not That what I motioned was of God.’ J. HASTINGS.
MOUNT.—The subst. 2¥2 muzzabh in its only occurrence (Is 29%, unless Jg 9° is another) is trans- lated ‘mount’ in AV. The root of the word is [2s}] 27 to set up, and means a mound or in- trenchment (Cheyne), palisade (Kay), RV ‘ fort.’
Another word translated ‘mount’ is 7b sdlélah, Jer 6° 32% 334, Ezk 4? 177 217 268, Dn 115. RV retains the tr. ‘mount,’ but Amer. RV prefers ‘mound’ in all these places. Elsewhere this word is rendered ‘bank’ (2S 20%, 2K 19%, Is 37%). See BANK. Its root is ‘bp to cast up, heap up, and it means an earthwork or rampart.
The only other occurrence of ‘mount’ in the sense of ‘mound,’ ‘intrenchment,’ is 1 Mac 12% ‘raising a great mount between the tower and the city’ (ὕψος, RV ‘ mound’).
This Eng. word ‘mount’ meaning an earth- work is the same as mount=mountain, and comes directly from Lat. mons, montis. Its use to de- scribe an earthen defence seems due to confusion with ‘mound,’ a native word {Ang o-Sax. mund), which meant a protection or guard, and was used of a bodyguard of soldiers as well as a defence of earth or the like. The word ‘mount’ has gone out of use in prose. It has given up its own proper meaning of an elevation (same root as e-min-ere to be prominent) to ‘mountain’ (which came into English from Lat. not directly as ‘mount,’ but through the Fr. montaigne, mon- taine; Lat. montanus, ‘hilly’). And it has re- stored the meaning of earthwork to ‘mound,’ from which that was borrowed. Its use in AV may be illustrated from Sarees be Voyages, ii. 122, ‘ They raised up mounts to plant their artil- lery upon’; Knox, Hist. 246, ‘The English men most wisely considering themselves not able to besiege the Town round about, devised to make Mounts at divers quarters of it; in the which they and their Ordnance lay in as good strength, as they did within the Towne’; and Bunyan, Holy War, 69, ‘ Besides, there were Mounts cast up against it. The Mount Gracious was on the one side, and Mount Justice was on the other. Further, there were several small banks and advance - grounds, as Plain-Truth-Hill and No- Sin-Banks, where many of the Slings were placed against the Town.’ J. HASTINGS.