3. The sycamine (Lk 17°) is the ‘ black mulberry’ (see SYCAMINE). G. E. Post.
MULE.—Three Heb. words are tr’ ‘mule’ in AV. 1. Ὁ) rekesh. This word (which is reall a rare onym of 010) is tr’ only twice in A ‘mules’ (Est 8! 4, RV ‘swift steeds’), once ‘swift beast’ (Mic 18, RV ‘swift steed’), and once ‘drome- daries’ (1 K 438, m. ‘mules’ or ‘swift beasts,’ RV “swift steeds’), See DROMEDARY.
2. o>; yémim. This word occurs only once (Gn 36%), and refers to something which Anah (wh. see) found when feeding his father’s asses in the desert of Edom. Mules would not have been a likely find in such a place. The LXX tr. it by τὸν ᾿Ιαμείν, a proper name, showing that the signi- fication was not understood. The Vulg. tr. it aque calide=RV ‘hot springs.’ Such springs exist at Callirrhoé and elsewhere around the Dead Sea. Callirrhoé is called by the Arabs Hamdmim Suleimaén=‘the hot springs of Solomon.’ The springs below Tiina (Gadara) are known as
γᾷ el-Hamma=‘land of hot springs.’ Yémim may be a dialectic modification of this local term. The Arabs attach great medicinal value to such hot springs, and such a discovery would be con- sidered well worthy of record.
3. 378 peredh, ὁ ἡμίονος, mulus. This is the common word for ‘mule’ in both AV and RV. It occurs once in the feminine 773 pirddh, ἡ ἡμίονος, mula (1 K 1-8-4), Mules were forbidden (but see below) in the Levitical law (Lv 19); but this, like many minor provisions of the law, was not in force in the era of the kings. David seems to have been the first to ride one, as also to introduce the horse (2S 8*), contrary to the prey ioab prastace of the people, and the sentiment reflected in the prolabinion of Dt 1716 (where see Driver’s note). Mules became common during David’s reign, and were ridden by his sons (25 13%). Absalom rode a mule in war (2S 18%). Solomon rode one when he was proclaimed king (1 K 1%). He received tribute in mules (1 Καὶ 10%), The subsequent mon-
archs kept them (18°). mules, are to honour Israel (Is 66). nicians imported them from Togarmah= Armenia
The Gentiles, riding on The Phe-
(Ezk 27), Mules are mentioned in Jth 15" They are still used as riding animals by high functionaries. The Governor-General of the pro- vince of Beirfit often goes to the seraglio on his spirited and sure-footed mule. ‘The late Governor- General of Lebanon, Rustem Pasha, had a very fine riding mule, which he much preferred to a horse. Mules were also used as beasts of burden (1 Ch 12”, 2K 617. A good peckums brings 8 much higher price than a pack-horse. He is longer- lived, much surer of foot, and will carry a heavier burden. In the later days of the Heb. State, the law against mules (which may have been inter- preted as forbidding the breeding but not the use; see Dillm. on Ly 19") seems to have been quite disregarded, as so strict a legalist as Ezra allowed his returning people to bring 245 of them from Babylon (Ezr 2” ; see Ryle’s note). They are now universally used in Bible lands. G. E. Post.
MUNITION is used in AV in the orig. sense of the Lat. munitio (from munio, to fortify), a fortified
lace of defence, a stronghold or entrenchment.
he places are Is 297 ‘all that fight against her and her munition’ (apq}s9, RV ‘her stronghold,’ which is Coverdale’s word); 33'* ‘his place of defence shall be the munitions of rocks’ (so RV, Heb. nyo o'y>s); Nah 2! ‘keep the munition’ (so RV, Heb. myo ἦν), Amer. RV ‘fortress’); 1 Mac 14” ‘He provided victuals for the cities and set in them all manner of munition’ (ἔταξεν αὐτὰς ἐν σκεύεσιν ὀχυρώσεως ; RV ‘furnished them with all manner of munition,’ RVm ‘Gr. implements of munition’); also marg. of Dn 11° %- 8. Cf. South, viii. ser. 5, ‘No defence or munition can keep out a judgment, when commissioned by God to enter.’ This mean- ing of the word is retained in AV from the Geneva Version ; in 1611 the commoner meaning was that of the Fr. munition, i.e. military stores, provision for an army or fortress. Thus Shaks., K. John, V. 11. 988—
‘What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent, To underprop this action ?” J. HASTINGS.
MUPPIM (o'5p). — A son of Benjamin, Gn 467 (Μαμφείν), called in 1 Ch 7! 16 2616 Shuppim (059), in Nu 26% Shephupham, and in 1 Ch 8° Shephu- phan. The proper form of the name can hardly be determined. See Ball and Kittel (on Gn and Ch in 5801) and Dillm. on Nu 26**. See, further, separate articles on the above variant forms.
MURDER.—See CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS, vol. i. p. 522%,
MURRAIN.—See PLAGUES.
MUSHI (‘v3p, in 1 Ch 64 wn).—A son of Merari, Ex 6! (Ὀμουσεί), Nu 3”, 1 Ch 6.8 (Heb. 4] (B’Oxovcel, A Ὄμουσί), 647 (Heb. 331 (B Μοσεί, A ’Oxovel), 237 (B *Ououvgel, A Μουσί) 33. (B Movoel, A Μουσί) 245 (B ’Ouoveel, A Μουσί) ® (B Moovcel, A Μουσί). The patronymic Mushites (0155) occurs in Nu 38 26% (B ὁ Μουσεί, A ὁ ᾿Ομουσί).
MUSIC.—
i. Occasions when used. ii. Nature of Hebrew music. iii. Musical instruments. 1. Stringed : (a) the kinndr ; (Ὁ) the nebel ;—the terms gittith, ‘dlamoth, map INO, (c) the stringed in- struments named in Dn.