transliterated Ammisatana, but by others (e.g. Sayce in PSBA, Nov. 1897, p. 292) Ammiditana, has anything to do with Ammishaddai.
LivgeraTuRE.—Nestle, Die Israel. Eigennamen nach threr religionsgeschichtlichen Bedeutung (1876); Gray, HPN (1896). To these two books reference may be made for the earlier literature and for further literature on special points. Grun- wald, Die Kigennamen des AT (1895); Kerber, Die religions-
eschichtliche Bedeutung der 5 rc aeons (1897). For
e names in Gn 1-11 see Budde’s Urgeschichte; for other important special ts, the articles of W. R. Smith on * Animal and Plant
AHT, esp. ch. iii. (for Assyrian and South Arabian parallels) ; Ledrain, Dict. des eed le le Palmyréniens ; Bloch, Phinic- tsches Glossar; Hammer-Purgstall, Ueber die Namen der Araber; and Wellhausen, Die Reste des Arabischen Heiden- thums?, esp. p. 1 ff.
Of literature that has appeared since the foregoing article was written, there may be mentioned: von Gall, Altisr, Kult- stiitten; Clay, ‘Dr. Jastrow: Isr. and Assyr. Prop. Names’ (in The Lutheran Church Review, xiv. pp. 196-201), containing an extract from a letter of Fried. Delitzsch (11th Mar. 1895) inter- preting the -ia at the end of Assyr. names (see above) as a personal suffix; the articles ‘Abi’ and ‘Ammi’ in Encyclo- pedia Biblica. This question of‘ammi has been most recently discussed by Hommel in Die stidarab. Altertiimer des wiener Hofmuseums und thr Herausgeber Prof. D. H. Miller (Munich, 1899), pp. 21-34; and Glaser, Punt und die siidarab. Reiche (1899), pp. 20-22, 24-28, 71. On some exilic and post-exilic names see Hilprecht, ‘ Notes on recently found Nippur Tablets,’ in PEFSt, 1898, p. δέ 1. ; Gray, ‘Nebo as an element in Hebrew Proper Names,’ in Expos. Times, Feb. 1899, PP. 232-234.
. B. GRAY.
NANZA (Navala, 2 Mac 13*-15).—A goddess wor- shipped in Syria, Persia, Armenia, and other parts of Asia. Various forms of the name occur, such as Anaitis (Strabo, xv. 733), Ana@a (ib. xvi. 738), Aneitis (Plut. Artaz. 27), Tanais (Clem. Alex. Protrept. p. 19). By the Greeks this goddess was identified sometimes with Artemis (so Plut. l.c. ; Paus. iii. 16. 8), sometimes with Aphrodite (so Clem. Alex. l.c.). She seems to have represented the productive powers of nature, and in many
laces ἱερόδουλοι of both sexes were consecrated to
er worship. In 2 Mac 1°” we have a legendary account of the death of Antiochus Epiphanes, who is said to have attempted to plunder a temple of Nanza in Persia, and to have been treacherously killed in the ile by the priests. This temple may be identified with the temple of Artemis (Polyb. xxxi. 2; Jos. Ant, x1. ix. 1), or Aphrodite (Appian. Syr. 66), in the province of Elymais, upon which Antiochus made an unsuccessful attack ; but the statement that the king met his death here is certainly untrue (see also 1 Mac 6'*), The
lea alleged to have been made by Antiochus, that
e wished to marry the goddess Nana, may be illustrated by the conduct of M. Antonius at Athens (cf. Rawlinson, Speaker's Comm. ad loc.).
H. A. WHITE.
NAOMI (‘>y3; LXX B Nwepelv, A Νοεμμεί(ν) and Νοομμεί(ν), Luc. Nooul).—The wife of Elimelech the Ephrathite, of Beth-lehem-judah, who was driven by famine into the land of Moab. There her husband died, and she was left with her two sons, who married two Moabite women. On the death of her sons, she determined to return to her own country, the land of Judah. On the way she bade
NAPHTALI
her daughters-in-law go back, each to her mother’s house, while she expressed a hope that they might each find another feel Orpah followed her mother-in-law’s advice, but Ruth in loving terms declared that she would not be separated from Naomi. The return of Naomi was a matter of ed oe to the people of Bethlehem, and they said, ‘Is this Naomi?’ Her answer included a double play of words on her own name, ‘Call me not Naomi (‘pleasant’), call me Mara (‘bitter’): for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me . . . why call ye me Naomi, seeing the Lord hath testified ‘anak ) against me’ (Ru 13:3, For the rest of her history, and how she became the nurse of Ruth’s child by Boaz, see under Rutu. Η. A. REDPATH. Ge ORB of Jos 12%,1 K 41, See OR.
NAPHISH (w'53).—A son of Ishmael, Gn 25% (A Nagés, D Nagé0)=1Ch 181 (BA Nadés) 5” (B Ναφεισαδαῖοι, A Ναφισαῖοι).. The clan of which he is the eponymous head has not been traced. In the last cited passage (1 Ch 5") we are told that along with others of the Hagrites this clan suffered an overwhelming defeat at the hands of the trans- Jordanic tribes (possibly in the time of Saul). In all probability it is their descendants who are mentioned amongst the Nethinim in Ezr 2” as ‘the children of Nephisim’ (RV, following Kethibh oo'D3; B Ναφεισών, A Νεφουσείμ) or Nephusim (AV and RVm, following Keré o'r:5;). In the parallel
assage (Neh 753) the reading is Nephushesim (RV,
ollowing Kethibh opw:5}; B Νεφωσασεί, A -elu) or
Nephishesim (AV and RVm, following Keré o’py"53).
The reading in 1 Es 5* is Naphisi (B Ναφεισεί, A
Ναφισί). See, further, Wellhausen-Bleek®, p. 585. J. A. SELBIE.
NAPHISI (B Nadecel, A Ναφισί), 1 Es δ5:- Nephisim, Ezr 2; Nephushesim, Neh 753,
NAPHOTH-DOR.—RVm of Jos 11’.
NAPHTALI (*)az3, Νεφθαλείμ) was the fifth son of Jacob, and the second borne to him by Rachel’s handmaid Bilhah, Gn 30%. Heé was thus full brother to Dan, with whose descendants his were afterwards closely associated.