vv.1214, [133] 415) in v.12 isa aw. Asy.; cf. 723 (also aw. Aty.) in Job 318. All these three verses are in the kinah measure. It is possible that v.12, if it is genuine, should follow instead of preceding v.13 (so Wellh., Nowack). For the thrice repeated OTN QT) in v.13 the LXX has πόνων αὐτῶν, ὀλέθρου αὐτῶν, ἀπωλίας αὐτῶν (this last also in v.12 for 07°X), which makes the correct- ness of the monotonous MT all the more suspected. For 73 2¢/n in v.13 we ought certainly to read 7; ΠΥΡῚ (so Ewald, followed by Nowack, Kénig and others).—p 5 in v.14 is very doubtful (LXX διχβολαΐ, Symm. φυγαδιείας). The only other occurrence of the word isin Nah 81, where it means ‘ violence’ (LXX ἀδικία ; οἵ. the use of the verb p15 in Ps 73 (Eng.2] as applied toa lion tearing his prey in pieces). Graetz conjectures for Ob 14 γ΄" ‘the breach,’ but, as Nowack ἀξθιςς out, the fugitives are thought of as already beyond the breach.
v.15>, Wellh. and Nowack transpose the order of the clauses of v.15 and make 15> the Appropriate conclusion of v.14 and of the Naan prophecy, while 15 introduces the later supplement to this.
y.16, τῷ, if genuine, would describe the incoherent or mean- Iingless utterances (cf. Job 65, Pr 20%) of an intoxicated man,
but we should probably emend (with Wellh. and Nowack) to 1} ‘reel or stagger.’
y.%f have suffered a good deal of corruption. A verb to nby may have dropped out, and $n is doubtful. LXX ἡ ἀρχή must have connected the word in some way with Son “begin. Neither ‘ host’ nor ‘ fortress’ seems to give an appropriate sense, and Ewald’s ‘coast’ is purely conjectural. Possibly for "Y& D'3y2> we should read ‘> 7X ‘land of the Canaanites,’ te, Phenicia. In v.21 o-yyip ‘saviours’ is suspected by Wellhauser and Nowack. Graetz(with LXX, Syr., Aq., Theod.) reads O'yy\3 ‘those who have been saved by Jahweh.’ Perhaps he is right ἃ reading 10D for 17a (LXX if épous).
Like Joel, which is probably later still, Obadiah is written in good Hebrew, and it cannot be said that the diction of the post-exilic portion shows any marked ay of lateness as compared with vy. The only Aramaism in the book is yp of νον, and, as we have seen above, this may have been originally a marae gloss. ᾿
The closest parallels to the spirit of Obadiah, with its fierce hatred of Edom and its threatenings against the goyim, are to be found in Ezk 25% 35, Ps 137, La 451, Is 34 f. (cf. especially Ob % and Is 342) 63!-6,
Lireraturge.—(A) Commentaries : Saas Der Prophet Ob. ausgelegt, 1842; Ewald, Prophets of OT (Eng. tr.], il. 277 ff. ; Seydel, Der Proph. Ob. 1869; Hitzig-Steiner (in Ka/. Ἐπ: Hdbch.), 1881 ; Κ οὶ] 3, 1888; Meyrick (in Speaker’s Comm.); T. T. Perowne (in Cambridge Bible), 1889; von Orelli (in Strack and Zéckler’s Kgf. Kommentar), 1888; A Minor Prophets ; Wellhausen, Die kleinen Propheten, 1893 ; Nowack, do. 1897; Peters (Rom. Cath.), Die Prophetie Obadjas, 1892; Bachmann, Der Proph. Ob. 1892. Reference may be made also to Reuss, AT’ ii. 560 ff. ; Farrar, The Minor hets (in ‘Men of the Bible’ series), 175 ff.; G. A. Smith, Zhe Book of the Twelve Prophets (in ‘ Expositor’s Bible’), ii. 163 ff.; Kirkpatrick, Doctrine of the Prophets, 33 ff.
(B) Works of Introduction: Driver, LOT'S xviii, 320f. Add. and Corr. xxii; Wildeboer, Lit. ἃ. AT’, 216, 803 ff.; the Einleitungen of Konig (p. 360 ff.), Strack (p. 102 ff.), Cornill? (p. 178 ff.), Kuenen (§ 72, 3-4).
(C) Miscellaneous: Delitzsch in Zeitschr. f. luth. Theologis 1851, p. 91 ff.; Boehme in ZATW, vii. (1882), I> 224 ff. 5 Vaihinger in Merx’ Archiv, i. 488 ff.; Budde in ZATW xii (1887) p. 40 ff. ; Graf on Jer 49; Briggs, Messianic Pr I 315 f.; Cheyne, Founders of OT Criticism, 311 f.; Sayce, HOM 482 f.; Schrader, Keilinschrift τι, Geschichtsforschung, 116 ff., KAT? “461. [cor ii. 145 f.]; Frd. Delitzsch, Paradies, 249. J. A. SELBIE.
OBAL.—Gn 1033, See EBAL, No. 1.
OBDIA (A Ὁβδία, B Ὁββειά), 1 Es 5°, the same as Habaiah (Ὁβαιά), Ezr 951, or Hobaiah, Neh 7%. —The Vat. MS here preserves the more correct form of the name.
OBDURACY.—See HARDENING.
OBED (71\y).—1. The son of Boaz and Ruth (Ru 417 0875) of whom the women said to Naomi at his birth: ‘He shall be unto thee a restorer of life and a nourisher of thine old age’ (Ru 4"). He was nursed in his infancy by Naomi, and grew up to become the father of Jesse the father of David, and an ancestor of our Lord (cf. Mt 15, Lk 333, There seems no reason to doubt that David was really the grandson of Obed. 2. A descendant of a daughter of Sheshan who was married to an Egyptian servant (1 Ch 2%, B ’Q875, A ᾿Ιωβήδ). Obed’s father’s name was Ephlal. His son’s name was Jehu. 3, One of ‘the mighty men of the armies’ of David (1 Ch 1157, Β & ᾿Ιωβήθ, A ᾿Ιωβήδ). 4. A son of Shemaiah and grandson of Obed- edom, who belonged apparently to ‘the courses of the doorkeepers’ (1 Ch 2617, B Ὠβήδ, A "Iw875). 5. The father of Azariah, who was one of ‘the captains of hundreds’ who combined with Jehoiada for the deposition of Athaliah and the setting up of Joash as king (2 Ch 231, B ᾿Ὠβήδ, A ἸΙωβήδ). H. A. REDPATH.