W. Ewrna. ODED.—4. (τὴν) The father of the prophet Azariab
© Β'Ασσούν, Bab μαὶ Ὁ, ca, A Seip, R* Τούρ.
ODOLLAM
584
OF
who lived in the reign of Asa, 2 Ch 15" (Β Ὡδήδ, A Αδάδ). In ν." ‘Oded’ of MT and B (Add) is a mistake (through wrong marginal gloss or other- wise) for ‘ Azariah’(so Aand Pesh.). See AZARIAH, No. 3. 2. (πῦρ, Ὧδήδ) A prophet who protested against the proposal to enslave the Judahites who were taken prisoners upon the occasion of Pekah’s invasion of the Southern kingdom. Being supported by certain of the heads of Ephraim, Oded succeeded in obtaining for the captives kindly treatment and ridease, 2 Ch 28% J. A. SELBIE.
ODOLLAM.—2 Mac 12" AV and RVm. See ADULLAM,
ODOMERA (’Odounpd NA, ᾽Οδοαρρής B, Odares). —A nomad chief, or possibly a Syrian officer, slain oy Jonathan during the war with Bacchides, about B.C. 158 (1 Mac 9). The form of the name in the AY, Odonarkes, seems to have no authority to support it.
OF.—This is the most frequent preposition in the Eng. language. Probably (says Earle) it occurs as often as all the other prepositions put together. But frequent as it is, its occurrence now is moder- ate when compared with the usage of the 15th and 16th centuries. By the beginning of the 17th cent. it was getting displaced by other prepositions in some of its most common meanings, as by ‘by’ when expressing the agent. But the language of AV, being so much older than the current speech of 1611, is full of the word in meanings which wez3 archaic even then, and are now quite obsolete.
The reason of its frequent use is that ‘of’ repre- sented not only the original Anglo-Saxon of but also the French de. The Anglo-Sax. of had the meaning of ‘from’ or ‘away from’ (Goth. af, Lat. ab, Gr. ἀπό, Sansk. apa), as ‘Alys us of yfle’= ‘Deliver us from evil.’ And this must be regarded as the starting-point in any history of the word. But it is impossible to work out the meanings (lerivatively from this primitive idea, because of the entrance of the French de and the demand for ‘of’ to render its various uses. This first got mixed up with and then drove out the earlier word, so that as now used ‘of’ is the translation of a French word ; its form alone is English.
The following are its chief archaic or obsolete meanings in AV :—
1. From or away from, especially in the phrase ‘forth of,’ as Jth 231 ‘They went forth of Nineve’ (ἀπῆλθον ἐκ, RV ‘departed out of’); 2 Mac 4% ‘yet persuaded he him to come forth of the sanctuary "(ἐκ τοῦ ἀσύλου προελθεῖν); Mk 118 ‘Others cut down branches of the trees’ (so 1611, mod. edd. ‘off’; Gr. ἐκ, RV ‘from’). Cf. Dt 457 Tind. ‘And because he loved thy fathers, therfore he chose their seed after them and broughte the out with his presence and with his mightye power of Egipte’; Ac 21% Rhem. ‘And apprehending Paul, fey drewe him forth of the temple.’ See FortH. This and similar meanings are now generally expressed by “off,” which is merely another (perhaps a stronger) spelling of ‘of’(as ‘after’ isitscomparative). ‘Off’ now represents the original Anglo-Sax. ‘of’ better than ‘of’ itself does. Coverdale scarcely distin- guishes ‘of’ and ‘off, as Job 41%” ‘Out of his mouth go torches and fyre brandes, out of his nostrels there goeth a smoke, like as out off an hote seetinge pott’; Zec 132 ‘In that tyme shall the house off David, and the citesyns off Jerusalem have an open well, to wash of synne and unclen- aesse. And then (sayeth the Lorde of hoostes) I will destroye the names of Idols out off the londe.’
2. The same meaning is found metaphorically after verbs of delivering. Thus Jer 307 ‘I wiil
heal thee of thy wounds.’ So Shaks. K. John 1. iv. 56, ‘I may be delivered of these woes.’
3. Then ‘of’ expresses generally the source or origin, as Gn 2? ‘God formed man of the dust of the ground’ (ap7x7°]> πον, lit. ‘formed man dust from the ground’); Ex 36° ‘They received of Moses all the offering’ (aye ‘32>, lit. ‘from before Moses’); La 353 ‘(It is of) the Lord’s mercies that we are not consumed’ (m7 197). So in NT often, as Mk 1™ ‘sick of a fever’ (πυρέσσουσα) ; Jn 6“ ‘save he which is of God’ (rapa τοῦ θεοῦ, RV ‘from God’); Jn 15" ‘all things that I have heard of my Father’ (παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου, RV ‘from my Father’); 177 ‘All things, whatsoever thou hast given me, are of thee’ (παρὰ σοῦ, RV ‘from thee’) ; Ac 179 ‘When they had taken security of Jason’ (παρὰ τοῦ ᾿Ιάσονος, RV ‘from Jason’); Ph 118 ‘Some indeed preach Christ even of envy and strife; and some also of good-will’ (διὰ φθόνον καὶ ἔριν, τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι᾽ εὐδοκίαν); 1 P 5? “οὗ a ready mind’ (ἑκουσίως) ; especially as tr. of ἀπό, as Mt 715 ‘Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?’ 16*! ‘suffer many things of the elders’; 17226 Οὐ whom do the kings of the earth take custom or tribute? Of their own children or of strangers? Peter saith unto him, Of strangers’ (RV always ‘from’); 1018 ‘ He shall not speak of himself’ (ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ, RV ‘from himself’); or as tr. of ἐκ or ἐξ, as Mt 21” *The baptism of John whence was it, from heaven or of men?’ (ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, RV ‘from heaven or from men’); 1Co 1” ‘ But of him are ye in Christ Jesus’; 2 Co δ᾽ ‘ We have a build- ing of God’; Ja 4! ‘come they not hence, even of your lusts?’ There are many clear examples in the older versions and early writers, as Jn 15% Wye. ‘A spirit of truthe, whiche cometh of the fadir’ ; 1 P 419 Wyc. ‘ the feithful maker of nought’ ; Gn 2% Tind. ‘This shall be called woman, because she was take of the man’; Gn 445 Tind. ‘Is that not the cuppe of which my lorde drynketh?’; He 1088 Rhem. ‘my just liveth of faith’ (ἐκ ricrews); * Erasmus, Cred, fol. 59, ‘All thynges are, ex ipso et per ipsum (id est) of hym, and by hym’; More, Utopia, i. 40 (Lumby’s ed.), ‘But if the thing be loste or made away, then the value of it is paide of the gooddes of such offenders.’