᾿ A. Ο. HEADLAM.
ORCHARD (orp pardés, rapddecos).—Pardés, a loan-word from the Zend, is used in three places: Ec 2° where it is tr AV ‘ orchards,’ RV ‘ parks,’ Vulg. pomaria ; Ca 4% AV and RV text ‘orchard,’ RVm ‘paradise,’ Vulg. paradisus; Neh 2° AV and RV text ‘forest,’ RVm ‘park,’ Vulg. saltus. Doubt- less the term pardés (probably ‘enclosure’) had the same generic meaning as gannah, including gardens,
* The EV tr® ‘ oracle’ follows Aq. and Symm. γρεματιστέρων (Vulg. oraculum) on the incorrect theory that the Heb. term "37 (which really means ‘the part behind ') was derived from 137 ‘ speak * (see Oxf. Heb. Lex. 8.v.). ‘Oracle’ is also uniform tr. in RVm of Ν᾽ (AV Buropxy), εἰν. 2 Καὶ 0®, Is 13! 14% 15! eto., and in text of Pr 80! 31! (AV ‘ prophecy’), where the same Heb term occurs.
ORDER
orchards, and parks.
Hence it is legitimate to tr. it by different words according to the context.
It
is applied by Diodorus Siculus (ii. 10) to the hang- }
ing gardens of Babylon. describes a preserves Οἱ
Xenophon (Anab, i. 287) park, belonging to Cyrus, like the game
Europe, under this name.
G. E. Post.
ORDER (like ‘ordain’ from Lat. ordo, ordinis, and through the French ordre, a form which arose from the old Fr. ordene, ordine by changing n to r, as in diacre from diaconus, and Londres from Londinum—see Brachet, Fr. Etymol. Dict. § 163 ; ef. also ‘coffer’ and ‘coffin,’ the same in origin and formerly also in meaning).—The subst. ‘ order’ has the following meanings in AV—
1. Position or proper place, Ezk 415 ‘One over another, and thirty in order’ (o’>y3); 1 Co 15% ‘Every man in his own order’ (ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ τάγματι) ; Lk 15 ‘He executed the priests’ office before God in the order of his course’ (ἐν τῇ τάξει) ; 1 Co 14® ‘Let all things be done decently and in order’ (κατὰ τάξιν). The phrase ‘in order’ has this meaning. It occurs frequently with the verbs ‘lay,’ place,’ ‘set,’ always as the tr. of a simple verb, as 1 Co 11“ ‘The rest will I set in order when I come’ (διατάξομαι).. Once (Ps 40°) the Heb. verb my to arrange, is tr. ‘reckon up in order.’
In Lk 15, Ac 114 18% * χαθιξῆς is translated ‘in order.’ The meaning is in proper se ; but Blass, writing on Lk 13, disputes that meaning, and holds that the reference is not to arrangement, but to completeness. St. Luke promises not a chronological arrangement of events, but a complete record so far as he could er it; St. Peter, in his narrative of the reception of the Gentiles, did not omit any important fact. See Philology of Gospels, Ὁ. 18.
2. Position in office, rank.—This is the meaning of Ps 110* ‘Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek’ (Heb. [7939] dibhrah, found also in Ec 3874 8? in the phrase niz1by ‘because of’), which is so often quoted in the Ep. to the Hebrews (5® 1° 6% 711 δία. 17. 21), according to the LXX rendering κατὰ τὴν τάξιν. The Eng. phrase comes from the Vulg. secundum ordinem. The reference is to the position of Melchizedek as both
riest and king. Cf. Wyclif, Select Eng. Works, lii. 121, ‘ Lucifer wiste that God moste be above hym, bot he coveyted an ordir in servise of God whiche that God wolde not.’
3. Arrangement or orderly array, Job 107 ‘A land of darkness .. . without any order’ (no 770-85); Col 2° § joying and beholding your order’ (ὑμῶν τὴν τάξιν, Lightfoot, ‘your orderly array’: Ltft. thinks it is a military metaphor, suggested by St. Paul’s enforced companionship with the soldiers of the Pretorian guard ; but Abbott holds that the idea of a well-ordered State lies much nearer than that of an army—see Abbott in Intern. Crit. Com.); 1 Es 1° ‘The priests and Levites .. . stood in very comely order’ (εὐπρεπῶς) ; Wis 7” ‘She [wis- dom] is more beautiful ἘΣ the sun, and above all the order of the stars’ (ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ἄστρων θέσιν ; Vulg. super omnem dispositionem stellarum, RV ‘above all the constellations of the stars,’ RVm ‘above every arrangement of stars’); 1 Mac 6% ‘They marched on safely and in order’ (reray- μένως). In Jg 17" for ‘a suit of apparel’ (Heb. 0°32 ΠῚ) the margin has ‘an order of garments,’ which is an attempt to translate the Heb. literally. Here may be noticed the obsolete phrase ‘take order for,’ which occurs in 2 Mac 4” ‘As for the money that he had promised unto the king, he took no good order for it’ (οὐδὲν εὐτάκτει ; Vulg. nihil agebat ; Wyc. 1388 ‘he dide no thing’; Cov. ‘he dyd nothinge therin’; Gen. ‘he toke none order for it’; RV ‘nothing was duly paid,’ RVm
* The only remaining occurrences of χαθιξῆς are Lk 81 ἐν τῷ παθιξῆς, AV ‘afterward,’ RV ‘soon afterwards’; and Ac 8% ἀπὸ . . τῶν καθιξῆς, AV ‘from... those that follow after,’ RV from . . . them that followed after.’
ORDER
| ‘was in due order’). The Eng. phrase means ta | make proper arrangements to secure a particular end. We find it in Rhem. NT, note to Jn 19* ‘The marvelous respect that Christ had to his mother, vouchsaving to speak to her, and to take order for her even from the crosse in the middes of his infinite anguishes and mysteries aworking for mankind,’ as well as in the note to Ac 19% Cf. also Knox, Hist. 366, ‘He had there also taken order for the home coming of the Earle of Lennox’ ; and Rutherford, Letters, No. xviii. ‘I hope our Lord, who sent His angel with a measuring line in his hand to measure the length and breadth of Jerusalem, in token he would not want a foot length or inch of his own free heritage, shall take order with those who have taken away many acres of His own land from him.’ A similar phrase is found in 1 Mac 164 ‘Simon was visiting the cities that were in the country, and taking care for the good ordering of them’ (φροντίζων τῆς ἐπιμελείας αὐτῶν). For the general use of the word in this sense of orderly arrangement, cf. Forty-Two Articles of 1553 (Gibson, i. 71), ‘profitable for an ordre and comelinesse’ (Lat. ad ordinem et decorum); Spenser, FQ τ΄. ix. 15—