PARENT.—See FAMILY in vol. i. p. 848.
PARLOUR occurs in AV as translation of three different Heb. words. 4. πρὸν, used of the room in which Eglon, king of Moab, was interviewed and assassinated by Ehud, J g 37-3. A. 25 (LXX ὑπερῷον, ef. Ac 115 987-9 908), This was an upper storey ‘raised above the flat roof of the house at one corner, or upon a tower-like annex to the building,’ containing generally only a single apartment, thoroughly ventilated by lattice windows on all sides, and constituting the most comfortable part of the house (see Moore, Judges, PP. 96, 98, and cf. also such passages as 1 K 178-32 K 12 40-0 Jer 2218-14, Neh 3%), Moore’s rendering ‘roof-chamber’ is much more suitable than ‘ parlour,’ which is most unfortunately retained by RV, although American RV has ‘upper room.’ 2. 75 (RV ‘guest-cham- ber,’ LXX κατάλυμα), 1 S 93. This was a room in which the sacrificial meals at the bamah were held (cf. the mention in 1 S 118 [in the LXX, according to which the MT onght to be restored—Wellh., Driver, ete.] of a lishkah also at Shiloh, near the ma $572). suitable rendering would be ‘sacri- ficial dining-room.’ In later times the Heb. word was used for a chamber in a palace, Jer 36", or for the chambers in the Temple court in which the
riests lived, Jer 353 4, Ezk 401, or for store-rooms in the second Temple, Ezr 8”, Neh 1038: 8. 3. 1, 1Ch 28", where AV tr. o'p350 O79 ‘inner par- lours,’ but RV has ‘inner chambers.’ The most suitable rendering for 779 is ‘chamber.’ The Heb. word generally connotes the idea of privacy. The LXX tr. in 1 Ch 28" by ἀποθῆκαι.
In no case is the Eng. word ‘parlour’ a very suitable tr. of the Heb., and it was formerly less suitable than now. Coming from parler, to speak (Low Lat. parabolare, to talk; Gr. παραβολή, a parable), it signified in early Eng. the public reception-room, the drawing- (= with - drawing)
* On the early use of vellum see Kenyon, Palaog. : 2 δ and Banday, Studia Biblio i sean ee ee
PAROUSIA
room being then what is now the parlour, the private apartment of the family. J. A. SELBIE.
PARMASHTA (xpz'273; B Μαρμασιμά, A Mapya- σιμυά, Phermesta).—The seventh of the ten sons of Haman, put to death by the Jews (Est 9°). The name is perhaps the Sansk. parmashta=chief (so Benfey).
PARMENAS (lIlapuevas).— One of the ‘Seven’ appointed, Ac 6°. The name is Greek, a short- ened form of Parmenides. Nothing further is known of him. He is said by later tradition to have been martyred at ay: and is commemor- ated by the Latins on Jan. 23, by the Greeks on July 28. A. C. HEADLAM.
PARNACH (3373, Papydx).—The father of Eliza- ew who as prince of Zebulun took part in the ividing of the land, Nu 34*-
PAROSH (vnp ‘flea’; Φορός, bapés).—The name ofa eae family, of which 2172 returned with Zerubbabel, Ezr 28 (=Neh 78), and 150 with Ezra, Ezr 8°. Seven of the Béné-Parosh had married foreign wives, Ezr 10%. The name appears also in connexion with the repairing of the walls, Neh 3”, and the sealing of the covenant, 10%. The Gr. form Phoros is adopted in 1 Es (5° 85) 935),
PAROUSIA [παρουσία, lit. ‘presence,’ as opposed to absence (2 Co 1019, Ph 1536 2!%), hence the arrival which introduces that presence (cf. Col 1° τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ παρόντος els ὑμᾶς, ‘the gospel which is come unto you’; 1Co 16” the coming of Ste- phanas ; 2 Co 75:7; 2 Th 2°; 2 P 3" the coming of the Day of God)].—A technical term used in NT to denote the coming of Christ in glory at the end of the age. In this sense it is Bee Mt. 24% 27. 87. 39, 1 Co 15%, 1 Th 919 318 415 53, 29 Th 2) 8 (cf. v.2 where it is used of Antichrist), Ja 57 8, 2 P 116 34; cf. v.4,1Jn 2%. Both AV and RV translate ‘coming,’ although RV adds in the margin the alternative rendering ‘presence.’ The expression Second Coming, while it occurs in later ecclesiastical Greek (Εν. Nicod. c. 22 end; Just. Apol i. 52, Trypho, ec. 40, 110, 121) in contrast to the first coming (Trypho, ce. 40, 110, 121), is not found in Scripture. Synonymous expressions are the Apo- Fg ως (ἀποκάλυψις ; so 2 Th 17 the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven ; 1 Co 1’, 1 P 1? 13 418. the revelation of His glory, οἵ. Lk 17%) and the Day (ἡμέρα) of Christ (1 Co 18,2 Co 1%, Ph 15} ΘΟ 1 Th δ᾽. ΟΡ 80 οὐ ον. (ef oneron the days of the Son of Man). The term Parousia differs from these latter in that it emphasizes the element of permanent presence which the coming of Christ is to introduce. But it is incorrect, wi some modern interpreters (so Warren, Parousia, p. 21), so to magnify this element as to reject altogether the meaning ‘coming.’ Both elements, the coming and the presence, are united in the word as in the doctrine.
Interpreters find reference to several distinct comings of Christ in the NT. There is (1) a physical Advent at His resurrection (so Jn 1415 16°; cf. Holtzmann, Hdcomm. iv. 163); (2) & spiritual Advent by the Paraclete, which is to take place during the lifetime of the disciples, and to result in a perpetual dwelling of Christ and the Father in their hearts (Jn 14”; cf. 167) ; (3) an Advent to the disciples at death, when Christ will come to receive them into the man- sions which He has prepared for them above (Jn 14°, and comments of Holtzmann, J.c. iv. p. 160; ef. also 2 Co 58) ; (4) a historical Advent for judg- ment, taking place at different times in the his- tory of the Church, but distinguished from the