PASHHUR (nnvp; Πασχώρ, Φασχώρ, Φα(σὴ)σούρ(α), Φάσσορος, Φαισούρ, Φασε(δ)ούρ; Fosere [i Es 95], Pha(s)sur, Pheshur. Etymology unknown; Ges. Thes. suggests ‘safety on every side’ [Arab. fsh and ino] in contrast to Magor-missabib; others ‘splitter,’ from nv5).—4. The son of Malchiah, one of the pence sent by Zedekiah to inquire of Jeremiah concerning Nebuchadrezzar’s invasion, Jer2l', He is named also among the princes who heard that Jeremiah was urging the people te desert to the Chaldeans. He joined in urging the king to put Jeremiah to death, and in imprisoning him in a muddy oubliette, from which he was rescued by Ebed-melech, Jer 38%. This Pashhur was perhaps the father of the Gedaliah ben Pashhur also mentioned in 38! (but ef. 2); and probably the Pashhur ben Malchiah mentioned in 1 Ch 9% Neh 1113 as the ancestor of a certain Adaiah is the same person.
2. The son of Immer, governor of the temple, and
riest. _When Jeremiah announced the ruin of Judah, Pashhur had him beaten and placed in the
PASS, PASSAGE, PASSENGER
stocks, but released him the next day. Thereupon Jeremiah repeated his threats, declaring that J” had called Pashhur’s name not Pashhur but MAGOR-MISSABIB (wh. see), ‘terror on every side,’ and added that Pashhur should die in exile at Babylon, Jer 20'*, V.° implies that Pashhur had Pepbened the deliverance of Judah from the
haldzans. Pashhur ben Immer was perhaps the father of Gedaliah ben Pashhur mentioned in Jer 381, but cf. 4.
8. Pashhur, the father of Gedaliah, Jer 38', may be identical with either 1 or 2; or may be a third Pashhur.
4, Béné Pashhur, a priestly clan, mentioned in Ezr 2% Neh 7 as contributing 1247 (1 Es 5” 1047) to those who returned with Ezra; and six, men- tioned by name (Ezr 1033, 1 Es 9%), to those who divorced foreign wives. According to Neh 10%, Pashhur, either the clan or its chief, sealed the covenant referred to in that chapter. It is possible, but very improbable, that the name of the clan was derived from one of the above Pashhurs. Cf. Meyer, Entstehung d. oat gla 169 f.
W. H. BENNETT.
PASS, PASSAGE, PASSENGER.—The verb to pass is both trans. and intransitive. Of its trans. use in AV the only meaning demanding attention is to exceed, surpass : 2S 155 ‘Thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women’; 2 Ch 9” ‘King Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in alien and wisdom’ (RV ‘ exceeded’); Ezk 32” ‘Whom dost thou pass in beauty ?’; 1 Es 1 ‘The governors ... passed all the pollutions of all nations’; Sir 25" ‘The love of the Lord passeth all things for illumination’; Eph 3” ‘The love of Christ, which passeth knowle fe Ph 47 ‘The
eace of God, which passeth all understanding.’
f. Gn 26! Tind. ‘There fell a derth in the lande, passinge the first derth that fell in the dayes of Abraham’; Dt 958 Tind. ‘xl. stripes he shall geve him and not passe.’ So the participle as adj, in Rhem. NT, Eph 119. ‘That ye may know. . . what is the passing greatness of his power.’ A slight difference=go beyond, is Pr 859. ‘ When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment’ (ya-nay ἐν, RV ‘should not transgress his commandment’).
Intransitively ‘pass’ is used in AV as we now use ‘pass away’: Job 14” ‘Thou prevailest for ever against him and he passeth’; Ps 148° ‘He hath made a decree which shall not pass’; Mt 5'* ‘Till heaven and earth pass’; Mt 24", Mk 13”, Lk 16 (RV always except Job 14” ‘pass ae which is the usual AV tr. for the verb used). So Hamilton, Catechism, fol. xiv, ‘Hevin and erd sall pas, bot my word sall nocht pas’; Ja 1” Rhem. ‘As the floure of grasse shal he passe.’ Cf. also Chaucer, Squieres Tale, 494—
“Why! that I have a leyser and a space, Myn harw I wol confessen, ere I pace’;
and Shaks. K. Lear, V. iii. 314— ‘Vex not his ghost: O let him pass! he hates him much That would upon the rack of this tough world Stretch him out longer.’
A passage is in AV either a ford across a river or a mountain pass, except that once the word is used for ‘leave to pass,’ Nu 20" ‘Edom refused to rive Israel passage through his border.’* The deb. is always some form from 134 ‘abhar, ‘to cross.’ The meaning is ford in Jos 22" ‘at the passage of the children of Israel’ (s3¥: 32 72u7>y, RV ‘on the side that pertaineth to the children of Israel ’),t
* Of. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. (Selby’s ed. p. 36), * As if the multitude, or the wisest for the multitude’s sake, were not ready to give passage rather to that which is popular and superficial, than to that which is substantial and profound.’
+ The AV tr., which is from the Geneva Bible, refers to the place where the Israclites crossed the Jordan. But the word
PASSION
Jg 12° *(RV ‘ford’), Jer 51° (RVm ‘ ford’); and mountain pass in 1 § 1353 144, Is 10” (all ‘pass’ in RV), Jer 22° (RV ‘Abarim,’ which see). Cf. Coryat, Crudities, i, 210, ‘There are in Venice thirteen ferries or passages.’ Passage occurs also in Jth 67 77 of the approach to a city (ἀνάβασις, RV ‘ascent’), and in Wis 19"? of the way to the door of a house (δίοδος). Cf. Milton, PL x. 304— “From hence a 6 broad, Smooth, easy, inoffensive down to Hell.’