* The writer is now (1900) inclined to Ramsay's construction οἵ τὴν Φρυγ. =. Γαλατ. χώραν as denoting the Phrygo-Galatian {he would prefer to say, ne ET Laer region ; but unless this phrase had an accepted political limitation, of which there is no evidence, It covered ἜΣΘΩΝ the west of the province of Galatia generally, the whole of which was (in the substratum of its population) Phrygian ethnically and Galatian politically. Even in the N.W., as y intimates, the Galatw were never more than aruling clan. On this modified view, it would appear that Paul and Silas, when forbidden to preach ‘in Asia,’ moved northwards from the fleld of the earlier mission, confining them- selves still to Phrygia Galatica where they were allowed to ‘ = the word,’ and avoiding Phrygia Asiana which they had n previously on the point of entering (τῇ ᾿Ασίᾳ is thus seen to be antithetical to τὸν... Γαλατικὴν χώραν). Taking this course and marching within the eastern side of the border-line separ- ating the two provinces, which parted Phrygia between them, the apostles arrived at the N.W. corner of Galatia, with Bithynia fronting them, and Mysia flanking them at some distance to the west. Here, once more, their course was supernaturally diverted—from north to west, as previously from west to north—and ‘ ng over Mysia’ (a of Asia, where they had been ‘forbidden to speak the word’) they reached the sea at Troas. Paul and Silas thus traversed, in west central Galatia, a wild and desolate country ; but this route was forced upon them, and Paul ‘would not be deterred by rough or un- frequented paths’ (Ltft.). There must have been at this time regular coramunication between the S.W. and N. of the great Galatian province. The view followed in this note gives a good sense 0 Ac 18, δλιφχόμενοε . . . τι Γαλατικὴν χώραν καὶ Φρυγίαν which means, in thts light, ‘ traversing the (thove-mentioned) Galatian region and Phrygia’ at ὁ--- not the Galatian part of it alone, to which Paul's travels had been specifically limited on the Second Journey.
PAUL THE APOSTLE 70
Phrygia in order, strengthening all the disciples, —the last clause implying that on the ground soe lightly passed over in 105 considerable time had been spent and many souls won for Christ. To this second journey the origin of the Galatian Churches, ἐξ in Panl’s great Ep. of that name, has been generally referred, its interpreters seeing in the recipients Galatians by race,* in- habitants of the north (preferably the N.W.) of the great Roman province of Galatia. Paul made acquaintance with his ‘Galatians’ unexpectedly, when compelled by illness to seek their hospitality and so to give them the gospel (Gal 44%™). Twice during this journey he was turned aside from his purpose by the voice of the Holy Spirit; it ap- ears that the hand of God was further laid on im, in the shape of disabling sickness, obligi him to halt in this out-of-the-way district, which he had meant to traverse without lingering. God was giving to His strong-willed servant a hard schooling in submission. It may have been Bithynia that Paul and Silas were making for when thus checked; or it may have been (accord- ing to Paul’s wont) Ancyra, the capital of the Gal- atian province, already evangelized in its southern part. In any case, the Galatians, with whom he now tarried, received the infirm apostle with enthusinsm, and he made numerous and attached converts amongst them, the objects of his warm affection but anxious solicitude. If other reasons besides the writer’s eagerness to bring us to Macedonia are required to account for the silence of Acts about the Galatians of the Ep., the fact that the N. Galatian mission was a paren- thesis in Paul’s work and lay off the main line of missionary progress may account for the slightness of St. Luke's references thereto; and the defection feared may have made the apostle’s work there, to a large extent, a labour lost. It was at Troas that St. Luke met St. Paul and joined his company (Ramsay conjectures Luke him- self to have been the ‘ Macedonian man’ of Ac 16°: St. Paul the Trav. ix. 3); and at Philippi Luke stayed, being found there when Paul revisited that town. (The ‘ we’ of the Acts continues from 16” to 16"7, to be resumed at 20° *). The ‘vision’ may have al St. Paul for St. Luke’s invitation to Mace- onia (Ramsay, as above), as St. Peter was prepared at Joppa for the summons of Cornelius. Philippi was an important Roman colony, witha small Jew settlement worshipping at an open-air pala ci the river-side. Among ‘the women who assembled’ there Paul and Silas found their first hearers, and in the proselyte Lydia their first Euro convert and their hostess (νν.} 18), Women played a lead- ing part in this Church from the outset (Ph 4**). The missionaries had preached at the proseuché for some time, when their work was stopped by the accusation brought against them by the masters of a fortune-telling, ventriloquist slave-girl from whom ‘in the name of Jesus Christ’ they had exorcized the evil spirit (νν.} 8). This attack was one of Paul’s many ‘ perils from the heathen.’ The gospel damaged the vested interests of idolatry ; and those who saw ‘the hope of their gain’ endangered attacked its preachers through the passions of the populace—at Ephesus subse- uently as despisers of ‘the great goddess,’ at Phili ypi as ‘Jews’ who brought in ‘customs illegal for Romans’ and affronting their pride (vv. 2), In this colonia Paul suffered one of the three beatings with (Roman) rods that he recounts in 2Co 11%. The scenes attending his imprison- ὁ This assumption as to the race of Paul's ‘Galatians’ is mod- fied by the later note above. It is still maintained that in locality and origin the Churches {n question are distinct from those of S. Galatia, which were founded upon the First Journey ee allegiance not to Paul alone, but to Paul and Barnabas jointly.