tives in the four Gospels see Westcott, Additional Notes to Jn 18. The second cock-crow (Mk) and the sudden piercing pane of the Lord (ἐνέβλεψεν, Lk) recalled to Peters mind the prophecy of Christ, ‘and he went out and wept bitterly’ (Mt, Lk; on Mk’s ἐπιβαλών see Field’s interesting note in Notes on the Translation of the NT p. 41). There is no further reference to St. Peter in the history of the Passion.
6. The period between the Resurrection and the Ascension. —In the accounts of the day of the Resurrection St. Peter is twice mentioned. From these notices it appears that after his fall he did not separate himself from the other apostles, and that he was still regarded as their natural leader. (i.) Early on that morning Mary Magdalene hurried from the garden to Simon Peter and to John, to tell them that the tomb was empty. The two apostles went together to the tomb, as they had gone together to the high priest’s court three days before. They both ran, et St. Peter, the older man, fell behind. St. John came first to the sepulchre, but did not enter. St. Peter, practical and impetuous, went into the sepulchre, and took note (θεωρεῖ) of the orderly arrangement of the cloths and the napkin. Then they returned, still (it would seem*) perplexed, to their own homes (Jn 901-10), (ii.) Later in the day, some time before the evening, the Lord appeared to St. Peter—alone —to seal his repentance with forgiveness (Lk 945, ef. 1 Co 15°, where the appearance to Cephas has the first place). (iii.) In the third appearance of Christ to the apostles as a body (Jn 21 ; cf. 201% 35). at the Lake of Tiberias, Peter takes a conspicuous part. The quick intuition of faith is characteristic of John (v.7; cf. 208). But when another has dis- cerned the Lord, the rapid act of preparation, the leap into the sea that he may reach his Master the
uicker, then, when all have landed, the return to the ship that he may begin the necessary work of bringing the net to land,—all these acts belong to a ἘΠΕ portrait of St. Peter. After the meal, provided by Christ, there follows St. Peter’s public restoration, corresponding to the private assurance of forgiveness given him on the day of the Resur- rection.t To the thrice-repeated denial there answers the thrice-repeated question as to his love towards Christ and the thrice-repeated charge, covering the whole sphere. of pastoral activity. So far the official and the personal have been blended together. Now in a solemn ‘ oracle’ (ἀμὴν, ἀμήν) the Lord deals with the tae issue of the apostle’s life of service—the helplessness and the devotion of a martyr’s death. The last recorded word of St. Peter addressed to Christ is an im-
ulsive, unselfish question (v.™). The last word of Phrist to St. Peter is an echo of the earliest call interpreted in the light of the cross—dxodod@e: μοι νον σύ μοι ἀκολούθει (vv. 5).
II. History oF St. PETER AFTER THE ASCEN- SION, IN THE NT.—The three periods of the growth of the Church, treated of in the Acts,> are clearly
* To one who hesitates to accept Hort’s ag ἦα * Western non-interpolations’ (#ee the writer's Syro-Latin Text p. 180n.) the external evidence against the authenticity of Lk 24!2 must seem of very little weight. On the other hand, the linguistic similarity to Jn is curious, and cannot be accidental. It would be rash to assert that we have not here a sign of cross currents of apostolic tradition, which the available evidence will perhaps never enable us to follow out.
¢ On the subtle variation of words in Jn 212517 see Westoott's
notes. l $ The ΡΟΣ of Blass, that the common and the ‘ Western’ Ὃν
can Kooks represent two editions by St. Luke, is well known. The present writer has criticised it In The Syro-Latin Text of the Gospels p. 1830. In that book and in The Old Syriac Blement in Cod, Bez he has given reasons for his belief that the ‘Western’ text is langely due to (1) assimilation to scriptural passages; (2) the influence of Old Syriac texta. ‘ Western’ readings of exceptional Interest in parte of the Acts dealing with St. Peter are to be found In | mosaic of phrases used in Ac and Epletics about St
texts of the
10% 119 (a Paul) 1248
PETER (SIMON)
desctibed in 18—the Church of Jerusalem, the Church of Palestine, the Church of the World.
1, The Church of Jerusalem (1'-8').—During this period St. Peter stands alone as the leader and spokesman of the disiiee
(a) In the days which passed between the Ascen- sion and the day of Pentecost, St. Peter in the first apostolic eae urged the papain of a disciple to fill the apostolate of Judas. Into the problems suggested by Lk’s record of the speech (including the insertion, ν. 184) it is unnecessary to enter. It is sufficient to notice (i.) that St. Peter bases his argument on an appeal to the OT, ie. τὸ two passages of the Psalms (68 (69) ** 108 (109) ® LXX), prefiguring respectively the vacancy of the traitor’s pastoral office and the duty of appointin a successor ; (ii.) that St. Peter defines the essentia function of an apostle as being ‘a witness of the Resurrection [of the Lord Jesus].’ :