* This verb pny in its Qal conjug. is the usual verb in Gn (where alone it is found) meaning to laugh(Gn 1717 1812.13. 15 bis 216); in its Piel conjug. it occurs Gn 1914 219(RVm ‘ play’) 3914.17 (followed by 3) where it is tr. ‘mock’; 268 ‘sport’; and Jg 1625 ‘make sport.’
t This, a later form of pny, is the verb translated ‘play’ (in the sense of sport) throughout the rest of OT (except Is 118 ‘the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp,’ yeiyw), 1 8 187, 2 8. 214 65.21, 1 Ch 138 1529, Job 4020 415 (here and in the follow ing passage with \3=‘play with.’ Followed by 5, pn means ‘mock at,’ 6.0. Ps $713 598, Pr 3125, Job 5%. Margoliouth surely forgets this when [p. 17 of The Origin of the ‘ Original Hebrew’ of Ecclesiasticus|] he renders ἢ pnw ‘played with’). Ps 10426, Zec 85,
Heb. word, ‘Play the man, and let us fight for our peo le,’ after Vulg. ‘ Esto vir fortis et pugne- mus. he phrase is not uncommon, especially in echoes of this passage, as Foxe, Martyrs, vii. 550, ‘At the stake batman exhorted his fellow-sufferer, Be of good comfort, Master Ridley, and play the man’; Herbert, ‘The Church Porch,’ lxxvii.—
‘In brief, acquit thee bravely, play the man: Look not on pieemares as they come, but go; Deferre not the least virtue : life’s poore span Make not an ell by trifling in thy wo.’ J. HASTINGS. PLEAD.—To plead in AV never means to pray or beseech, but always to argue for or against a cause. Thus Job 16% “Ὁ that one might plead
for a man with God,’ and 19° ‘If indeed ye will magnify yourselves against me, and plead against me m « pl
reproach.’ The verb most frequently tr. ? is 29, which is also rendered ‘contend,’ ‘strive with’ or ‘strive against,’ etc. It is the verb used in Job 13% ‘ Who is he that will pees with me’ (RV ‘contend with me’); Is 17 ‘ Plead for the widow’; 3% ‘The Lord standeth up to plead’; Jer 2° ‘I will yet plead with you, saith the Lord’; 2% ‘Wherefore will ye plead with me?’; Hos 2? ‘Plead with your mother, plead.’ Amer. RV usually prefers ‘ contend.’
The subst. ‘ ΠΕ ΕΝ: has the same meaning in Job 13° ‘Hearken to the pleadings of my lips’ (ni).
Plead is to be traced back to Lat. itum, an opinion (fr.
lacere, to please); in Low Lat. a writ summoning a court of pasa in the form quia tale est nostrum placitum, ‘ for such is our pleasure.’ Then ae came to mean the court 80 con- vened, and also the pleading or business done atit. Placitun became piait in Fr., whence Eng. ‘ plea’ and ‘plead.’ An older spelling of plead a nek for in Ps 851, Pr. Bk. (in mod. editions printed ‘ plead’), J. HASTINGS.
PLEASURE as a verb is found in 2 Mac 2” ‘for the pleasuring of many’ (διὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν εὐχα- ριστίαν, AVm ‘to deserve well of many,’ RV ‘for the sake of the gratitude of the many’); and 12" ‘ promising both to give him cattle, and to pleasure him otherwise’ (ὠφελήσειν αὐτούς, RV ‘to help his people’). The Rhemish translators speak (on Lk 16°) of ‘the farmers whom the il steward pleasured.’ Cf. Shaks. Timon, m1. ii. 63—‘I count it one of my greatest afflictions that I cannot pleasure such an honourable gentleman.’ J. HASTINGS.
PLEDGE.—41. 559 (once Ezk 187 a)5q) noun, San verb (LXX ἐνεχύρασμα, -μός, evexupdtw). The prim- ary meaning of this root is ‘to bind,’ hence ‘to hold one by a pledge.’ The taking of a pledge for the repayment of a loan was sanctioned by the Law (Ex 22% [Book of the Covenant], cf. Dt 24% 1", where, however, in v.! the term for ‘ pledge’ is nay, see below) ; but it was enacted that when this pledge consisted of the large square outer garmentor ΞΕ called simlah or salmah, it must be returned before nightfall, since this garment often formed the only covering of the r at night (cf. the reproaches uttered in Am 2%, Job 22° 24°, and see Ezk 18* 12-16 33%), In Pr 9016 we read, ‘Take his
ent that is surety for a stranger, and hold
im in pledge (AV and RVm ‘take a pledge of him’) that is surety for strangers’ (m. ‘a strange woman’ [following Keré], so AV, omitting ‘that is surety is The same saying recurs in 27", where both AV and RV have ‘a strange woman.’ The Heb. reads 11939 (0724) A713} πὶ Ἢ IW? ὙΠ Πρ() ; LXX of 2713 (20% is wanting) ἀφελοῦ τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ, παρῆλθεν γάρ" ὑβριστὴς ὅστις τὰ ἀλλότρια λυμαίν- erat. This appears to be a reflection on the folly (cf. Pr 22%) FF becoming responsible for another man’s debt (see Toy, ad loc., who would read, ‘ for a stranger or strangers’ [masc. sing. or plur., not fem. sing.) in both passages). It was forbidden to
PLEIADES
‘take the mill or the upper millstone to pledge,’ as this was tantamount to taking ‘a man’s life to pledge,’ Dt 245 (see Driver’s note). A similar pro- vision is found in v.!’, which forbids taking the widow’s garment (733) in pledge ; cf. Job 24°, where the taking of the widow’s ox is condemned.