Zee 11".
Mt 27«-
Kol flirtK Ki'pios jrpJt /li, Kal (Xa^op t4 TpioVoro Kddes avTobs th rb ;tw»'f v- ipyupia, rifp Ttfiijp toO reri- Ttipiop, Kal aKlyfiop-ai (A ix-ii)Upov Sp iri/i^aaPTO Art
26
POTTERY
POTTERY
Zucll'^ Mt27'"-.
aK^^pai ai'T6) (I SbKt^bv viCjv 'Itrpai/X, A'ai idunav
(IJtfort AXli iSoKijxdffOrii') avTCL ei5 Tiv 07^61' rod
Toi'S TpiaKovTa dpydpovs Kal p-oi. Kt'ptos. iifi^oKov ai'TOL'S els rbv (A oin. Tjt') ou'd;* Kt'/jfoL' els
KV in Mt 'And they (mars. 'I') took the tliirty jiieces of silver, the jirice of liim that was ])riceil, wliom (certain) of the chihhen of Israel diil price (niarg. 'whom they priced on the part of^ tlie sons of Israel'), and they (mars. 'I') S-'ave them for the potter's field, as the Lord ajipointed nie.' The reading 'potter' is thus retained (altliou^h there apjiears to he in the context a consciousness also of the reading 'treasury'), the language is aeeomniodated to cover tlie purchase hy the priests of the potter's field, and tiie passage has mani- festly a ^Messianic character imi)osed upon it (see, further, AVellhausen, Die klcincn rroplictcn, ad lor., and arts. Akeldama, and Quotations "Ed and J It). J. A. Selbie.
POTTERY. — Materials for the study of the pottery of Southern Palestine from 1700 to 300 B.C. were furnished by the systematic exca\ation of the mound Tell el-IJesy by I'etrie and Bliss, 1S90- 93 (see art. Lachish). At this site was found a series of sujierimposed mud-brick towns, eight in number, each distinguished by its own types of pottery. The already-dated foreign types (tlreek and Phoenician) furnished a scale for approxi- mately dating the local ware \vitli which tliey were associated, or which they overlaid. The results obtained at Tell el-Hesy have since been confirmed and amplified by extensive excavations at three other mounds. Tell Zakariya, Tell es- Safi, and Tell ej-.hideideli, as well as at Jerusalem. IJrieHy, these results are as follows. The jne- Seleucidan potterj' may be divided into three groups — (1) earlier pre - Israelite ; (2) later pre- Israelite ; (3) Jewish.
(1) The corlicr pri-Israelite-Kuxe has been found, nnmixed with other styles, on the rock or virgin soil at three sites. Tlie tyjies include — (n) large Iiowls with very thick brims, the interior being faced with red or yellow and burnislied with lines sometimes crossing ; (h) large jars with flat disc bottom, invecked necks, and ornamented with a cable - moulding ; (c) jars with surfaces scraped
historic ; he suggests a Lybian origin. All lhe.se characteristics come down to later times, especially
KARLV PRE-I8RAKLITK JAR.
LEDGE-IlAMil.K.
(Early Pre-Israc-lite.)
the patterned burnishing, which is found in a debased form in Jewisli jars.
('2) 'fhe Ititi'r jirr-lsracl'le ware comes down to Jewish times, and is found in connexion witli known ' PhuMiician ' types, ranging from about 1400 to 1000 B.C., and with Mycena'an ware of the same period. The most chavacteristic native forms are — (^0 tlie 0]ien lamps and bowls, both with rounded bottom, often found puriiosely buried in groups ; (i) ware with painted ornament, consist-
over with a comb and having ledge-handles of a wavy shape. These liandlcs are typical of certain Egyptian pottery, reganled by" I'etrie as ))re-
LATER PRB-ISRAELTTE PAINTED WARE.
ing chiefly of birds, zigzags, and spirals ; (c) small flasks Willi pointed bottoms ; (d) stands for hold- ing these ; (e) female figiuines {lerdphiin).
(3) The ware we call .Jeiriih appears to be char- acteristic of the later Jewish monarchy, when the
POTTERY
POVERTY
local pre-Israelite and the riiccnician typt's hail bluiuled ami had become debased. The eoiii- iiioiicst types are — {a) cooking pots (blackened with smoke), ■with large Avide mouths and small handles ; (b) open lamps, with thick disc bases ;
JEWISH COOKING roT.
(c) tiny rude black jugs ; ((/) flasks \\ith long neck and stand, out of all ]iroportion to the small boily ; (c) large jars with ribbed handles, stamped. Tlie stamjis are of tlirce classes : stars of various forms; ellipse containing name of tlie owner or zuaker in old Hebrew letters ; royal stamps. The
I 11. STAMP ox JAR IIA.VDLE,
latter show a creature in two varieties, one with two cxjianded wings, the other with four. The se<M>nd tyjie is clearly a sirtnthrriis, Aliove tlie symbol is invarialily the legend ■''cS ; below, the name of a town, as .laiff. As this v are appears to date from the time of the Jewish monarcliy, the reading ' lielonging to the king of Sliocoh' is un- tenable. Accordingly we should rather read : 'To the king: (deilicated by) Sbocoh.' Thus far three names of known towns have been recovered, Sliocoh, Hebron, and Zipli, as well as the name rr:D, which is not mentioned in the liible. As to the t.\act meaning of the stamp, several liy- l>otheses have been hroiight forward. l""rom the di.scovery of these stamped bamiles at .Icrusaleni It has iieen argued that they belonged to jars containing oil, wine, or other tril ute sent to the cajiital by the towns meiitioneil. The wi<Iu geographical distribution (sucli as the finding of tlie stani]) with Sliocoh at live dill'erent sites) suggests that the place-names were those of royal iiotteries, situated at Hebron, Ziph, tjhocoh, etc.
Associated with the above-mentioned Jewish types we Hnd tJrcek pottery, chielly ribbed bowls,
and large amphora; with loop handles. The red and black figured ware was also ini|)orted.