The Greek Mcmen, appealing to the authority of Dorotheus, regards Pudens as having been one of the seventy disciples, who afti:rwards accompanied St. Paul on his missionary journeys, and was belicidcd under Nero. His memory is honoured with th.it of Aristarchus and Troiihimus in the Greek Church on April 14. The Roman Church tended to identify him with the host of St. Peter (6), who was appar- ently confu.scd with (7) (see Acta Sanctorum for May I'J, where the editor di>tiiiguishes between the two). English writers have attempted to identify liira with (1) anil (3). This is possible, but cannot be regarded as proved (cf. art. Clauuia). So many of tlie name were soldiers, that the con- jecture may be hazarded that I'udens was one of the soldiers who had been in charge of St. Paul, jierhaps one to whom he had been chained while a prisoner. W. Lock.
PUL (ViD, *oi<X, <I>oiyd, •I'aXwx. 'I'aXiis)-— The Aa- •yriun Pulu. See Tiglath-I'ILE.skr.
PUL.— la 6C". See Put, p. 177*.
PULPIT.— This terra occurs only in Neh 8*|| 1 Es
9" in connexion with the reading of the Law, wncn Ezra is said to have stood ' upon a pulpit of wootl (i-y-S::--"?*, LXX jiTiiia iv\wov). The Heb. word S^;?, which is freiiueiit in the sen.se of 'tower' (cf. AVni and RVm at Neh S-*), means any clevatca structure. Ezra's 'pulpit,' like its Latin original, ])ulpitum, probably corresponded rather to what we should call a 'platform or 'stage.'
.). A. Selhie.
PULSE (D'v'ii zUro'tm, o'lini zcrontm, Dn l'-- '»). — The words in the original do not refer to any special plant, or even order of plants, but only to things soum. The purpose of Daniel and his companions was to be tried on a jiurely vegetable diet. An Arab, word of similar meaning, but more restricted, is kutniijijch (jil. kfit/ini), which is defined as ' grains, with the exception of wheat, barley, raisins, and dates,' or as 'those grains which are cooked, as lentils, ni.lsli ( Virjna Nilo- lica), horse beans, beans, and chick jieas.' "The Latter definition would correspond well with the Eng. 'pulse,' which refers to the edible seeds of the orcler Lcijuminosce. It is saiil that they are called by this name in Arab, from the root hatnn, ' to dwell,' because tliej- last well, or because they are necessary to those who dwell in bouses. Other authorities deline hilAni to be khilf, i.e. all summer vegetables, which would make the exact equivalent of zcroim and zi'runim.
'Pulse' in 2 S 17^* is not in the Heb. original. The word ' parched ' (■'pij = roasted or toasted) occurs twice in this verse, once after /ye/nah = ' meal,' following wheat and barley, and tr'' 'parched corn' (see Wheat); and again, aftei beans and lentils, and tr'' 'parched piihe.' It is customary to roast immature chick peas (Arab. hummus) in the oven, and eat them. The natives are exceedingly fond of them when prepared in this way. The allusion in the above passage is doubtless to grains roasted in the oven or toasted over the lire. See Parched. G. E. Po.st.
PUNISHMENTS. — See Crimes and Punish- ments.
PUNITES (•}«.■:, B 4 *oraei, A *oi»aO.— The gen- tilic name from PuvAH, Nu 20^. See PuAH, No. 3. Siegfried-Stade suggest that the Heb. name shouki perhaps be pointed ');p.
PUNON (jiiB, B <J>ci>'ii, A ^ii-ii, F *ii'ii>'). — A station in the journeyings of the children of Israel, men- tioned only in Nu 33"- *^. The LXX renders it in the same way as PiNON, the name of one of the 'dukes' of Edora (Gn 30*'). Eusebius (,9.v. 'Wi-wi-) and .Jerome (s.v. ' Faenon ') speak of it as formerly a city of the dukes of Edom, and identify it with a place between Petra and Zoar, called 'I'oii'iii', where mines were worked (Onomast. ed. Lag. pp. 155 and 288). A. T. CiIAPMAN.
PURAH (X1J ?* branch • = .-nN3 la 10"; T'wine- press' = .Ti-D Is 63'; LXX "fapo). — Gideon's 'ser- vant,' lit. ' young m.an ' (^l•J, L.XX iraioipiov, 'Vulg. pucr), i.e. armour-bearer, Jg 7""-; cf. 9", 1 S 14'- «, 2 S 20". G. A. Cooke.
PURCHASE.— To purchase (from Old Fr. pcvr- chasscr, i.e. junir 'for' and chasscr 'to chase') is to pursue after a thing, hence to aciiuire. The sense is now narrowed to acfiuiring by payment. For the wider meaning cf. Alelvill, ihan/, p. 42, ' Mr Andro Melvill . . . with grait diliicultie pur- chossit leave of the kirk and magistrates of Gcnev . . . and takin jorney cam hamwart ' ; Knox, First lilast (Arber's reprint, p. 7). 'The veritie oi God is of that nature, that at one time or at other, it will pourchaco to it selfe audience ' ; Article xxv
174
PURGE
PURIM
• They that receave thera unworthyly purchase to them selves damnation.' This wider meaning is also Been in Ac 20-" ' tlie church of God wliicli he hath purcliased with his own blood' (»/» Tre/jieTrot^craTo) ; and in 1 Ti 3'^ ' Thej- that have used the oHice of a deacon well purchase to themselves a good de- gree ' {irepnroioui'Tai, RV ' gain '). Cf. Ps 84' in metre —
'The swallow also for herself Hath purchased a nest.'
J. Hastings. PDRGE.— Like Lat. purgare and Fr. purger, the verb to ' purge ' was formerly used in the oddest sense of to cleanse or purify. Hence Ps 5P ' Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean,' referring to the ceremony of dipping a bunch of hyssop (see HvssoP) in blood and sprinkling tlie leper or defiled person (Lv 14^ Nu 19") ; Mt 3'- ' He will throughly pur<;e (RV ' cleanse ') his floor'; Mk 7'" 'purging all meats' (RV ' making all meats clean,' i.e. ceremonially, see Swete's note) ; Jn 15- ' Every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it' (RV 'cleanseth it') ; He 1' 'when he had by himself purged our sins' (RV 'made purification of sins ). Cf. the tr. of 1 Jn 3' in Udall, Erasmus' iVT, ' And every man that hath thys hope in him, purgeth himself, even as he also is pure ' ; Wyclif 's tr. of Ja 4* ' ye synners dense the hondis, and ye double in soule purge ye the hertis'; and the Act of Henry VIII. (1543) pro- hibiting Tindale's Translation, ' The person or persons being detecte or complained on, shal be admitted to purge and trie his or theyr innocency by other witnesse.' J. HASTINGS.