scare from their prey the ^V'T''"f r'^^Xt T lie daytime, the prowling jackals ot the night. Ihe judicial execution had taken place in the early iays of barley harvest. It lends a sharper toucli to the pictu/e, if one can see the reapers cou.e and -o m the fields, while above them the silent woman crouched beside her dead, whose death was toavert the curse from those fields, tor bI.c mus watch on the height untU the merciful ram of heaven squalled the end. The fall of rain is no inserted as a mere mark o the le-.^th » ''2^, euard; it is not 'the periodic rains in OcU be S are referred to. Probably it >« "'e"t'.n«d as the si<Ti from which men concluded that tue famine-drought was broken, that the sacrifice was eft'-tual, that the anger of J" was averted from His land, and that now at last the motber m ght tease from her fearful watch. A. C. \N ELCil.
• The word used is rare and uncertain in its meaning. W n«.,i« alai? Nu 2.S4. The likeliest sense is the general o^«
explanation. See. further, ort. Ha-sowo.
ROAD (Anglo-Sax. rad, a journey, literally 'a riding,' from riilnn to ride) is found in AV only once, I S 27'" ' Whither have j'e made a road to- day?' The sense is a riding into a country with hostile intent, a ' raid ' * (so KV): Cf. Calderwood, lUst. 143, 'AH who were under the danger of the lawes for the roade of Ruthven were cliarged to crave pardon ' ; and Spenser, FQ VI. viii. 35 —
' In thcee wylde deserts where she now atKxIe, There dwelt a salvajje nation, which did live of su-alth and spoile, and niakij)^ nightly rode Into their neigbboure bordere.'
See Way.
J. Hastings.
ROBBER, ROBBERY See Crimes and Pun-
ISII5IE.S-I'S, vol. i. p. o2'2''. ROBBERS OF CHURCHES. — See Chukches
(ROIIBEKS OF).
ROCK.— In the OT this is the AV tr. of the following terms : — 1. ^'P^n, properly ' flint.' AV renders oy ' rock ' only in Job 28' ' he (the miner) putteth forth his hand upon the rock (RV ' flint,' AVm ' fiinty rock '), he overturneth the mountains by the roots' (cf. v.'" 'he cutteth out channels among the rocks,' n\-tii). The combination 'n iis ' rock of flint ' (so A V and RV, LXX rirpa dspiro/ios, cf. Wis \\*) occurs in Dt 8", and ts 'n (|| y^c), lit. ' Hint of rock ' (AV and KV ' flinty rock,' LXX dTtpei. irirpa) in 32". In the only other two instances in wliicli the Heb. word occurs, 'n stands alone: Ps 114" (|| -hs ; AV and RV 'fiint,' LXX iKp6Tojios}, Is 50', where it is used as a symbol of lirmness, ' therefore have I set my face like a flint' {(TTtpei wirpa; cf. Ezk 3* 'as an adamant harder than flint [is, jrdrpa] have I made thy fore- head '). See, further, art. Flint.
2. [';:] only in plur. o-fj. Tliis, which is per- haps an Aram, loan-word (ke'S kcphd, cf. the NT Ki'phns, see art. Peti:u in vol. iii. p. 756), occurs only in Jer 4^ 'they climb up upon the rocks' (for refuge ; LXX -rirpai), and in Job 30" of one of the dwelling-places of a race of outcasts (|| onn ' caves ' ; on cave - dwellers or Troglodytes, see Driver, Deul. 37 f.), cf. 24' 'they embrace the rock (Ts, Trirpa) for want of a shelter.' In 30" tlie LXX has a shorter text than the Hebrew, the whole verse reading Citf ol oUoi aOrdv ficrav rpiIryXat vfTpCiv.
3. I'll'? is once rendered ' rock ' by AV, namely Jg 6^ ' build an altar upon the top of this rock ' (m. ' strong place,' RV ' strong hold, IJ rb MaoviK, A t4 {pos Maiix)- The reference is probably to a natural stronghold rather than to a fortilication (Moore). The word I'lyo 'place of refuge' (if from ^ nv) or ' strong place ' (if from iiv) occurs elsewhere only in the Prophetical books (21 times) and in Proverbs (once) and Psalms (9 times). For I'lvp ts, applied to God, see below. Cf. also art. Mauzzim.
4. y^r, the nearest English equivalents of which are ' cliil' and ' crag.' The ideas of steepness and inaccessibility are connected with the word, at least in earlier passages, although in later ones it has at times a more general sense. In the follow- ing pa-ssagcs Vjy is used (LXX, wherever 'rock' is expressed, has irlrpa, unle.ss otherwise noted) : Nu 2(j»'"'- K"""- II [all 1"], Nch 9", Ps 78" (v.'» to), of the rock struck by Moses ; in the similar narra- tive, Ex 17«"" [E'l lis is used, and so in Dt 8", Ps 78" (v.'« yi?5)« 105" 114', Is 48-'"' [on the later Jewish legends regarding this rock, see below on 1 Co 10*]. In Nu 24-' [J F,] the words of Balaam with reference to the I;wenites, ' strong is thy dwelling-place, and thy nest (ken, a characteristic word-play) is set in the rock,' allude to the safety
" llald la nt Scand. oriKln. Raid, savs Skeat, was the northern Bonier wor<l, 'road" being used in the south; but the flrst quoutlon above Is Scottish, and yet ' road ' is used. VOL. IV. — 19