416
SAW
SCEPTKE
changed ' ; and the Note to Lv 1' in Matthew's Bible, ' This sv'cte odoure is : the sacryfyce of fayth and of |nire aU'eccjron, in wliych God is as delited, as a man is delited in tlie good savoure of meates, as it is said of Noe, Gen. viii. d.'
(3) Figuratively, rrputntiun. Ex 5^^ ' Ye have made our savour to be abhorred (AVm 'to stink') in the eyes of Pharaoh.' Cf. also Gn. 31*', 1 S 13^ 2 S 10", and the Eng. ' to be in {or to bring into) bad odour.'
The verb 'to savour' is (1) to taste or smell of, as I'ref. to AV, 'Thus to minse the matter, we tliought to savour more of curiosity than wisdome.' (2) To seek out by taste or smell, as Cranmer, Jforks, i. 181, ' By this you may soon savour what judgment this m.-in is of.' So in AV Mt IG^" || Mk 8^ ' thou savourest not the things that be of God ' (oi5 (ppot'ch), Vulg. non sapis, whence Wye. 'thou saveri-st not,' and all following versions till RV, 'thou mindest not.' Cf. Bunyau, Soly War, p. 25, ' And that w hich made him yet the more ignoble . . . was, that he never could savour good, but evil.'
Tlie ailj. ' savoury ' occurs in AV only in Gn 27'' 7. 9. u. 17. 31 Qf {i,g < savoury meat ' which Isaac loved (Heb. c-;yL-D always plu., from D*n to taste). The word is also found in Is 30-'' marg., and accepted into KV text, AV ' clean,' RVm ' salted,' in refer- ence to the provender of oxen and young asses (Heb. i"-ri ^'V?, Oxf. Hcb. Lex. ' provender seasoned with salt or a salt herb, rendering it more tasty'). Cf. Udall, Erasmus' Paraph, i. 19 (on Alt 5'^), ' It muste nedes bee a lively and a piththie thynge that can be sufficient to sawce and make savourie the life of all mankynde, being so werishe and unsavourye thorowe the desyres and fond opinions of vayne thynges.' J. Hastings.
SAW.— TiJD 2 S 12", 1 K 7», 1 Ch 20» [but in this last the correct text is niitm ' axes '], -\\so Is 10'* ; LXX irpiuiv. From 1 K 7° it is evident that saws were used for cutting stone. In Syria, at the present time, long smooth blades of iron are used to cut out columns. These have no handles : a heav}' piece of wood is fitted to the back of the saw ; this is grasped by two men, who draw it backwards and forwards, sand and water being plentifully used. It seems probable, from the marks on the rocks, that the ancient Egyptians used bronze saws with emery for cutting granite (WOkinson, Anc. Efjt/pt. ii. p. 254 n.). The ancient Egyptian car- penters in cutting wood drew the saw towards them instead of pushing it from them. In India the same custom prevails. English saws are bought eagerly by the Hindu carpenters, but the English handles are removed, and other handles fixed at the narrow end of the blades. In the NT the verb used is tt/jIj-u, He 11". \V. Carslaw.
SCALL.— See Medictne, vol. iii. p. 329^ Scall is the AV and RV translation of pnj (Lv 13. 14") : Wye. has ' wem,' Tind. ' burning,' Cov. ' skyrfe,' Gen. ' blacke spot,' Don. ' spotte,' Bish. ' fret.' The Eng. word is of Scand. origin, and signified primarily baldness (Icel. skalli, a bald head), but in Middle Eng. (also spelt scalde) it is a scab or eruption, generally of the head. Cf. Chaucer, Scrivener, 3 —
' Under thy longe lockes thou maist have the scalle' ;
Spenser, FQ I. viii. 47 —
* Her crattie head was altogether bald. And, as in hate of honourable eld, Wae over growne with scnrfe and filthy ecald*)
and Tindale, Lv 21* 'Broken handed, or croke backed, or perleved, or gogeleyed, or maunge, or ■kaulde' ; Pt 28-'' ' And the Lorde will smyte the
with the botches of Egipte and the emorodes, scalle, and maungynesse.' J. HASTINGS.
SCANDAL. — In Wis H""^- the Gr. .rud^SoXo is translated 'scandals' (text 'stumbling-blocks'). See Offence, vol. iii. p. SSG"- K The Rhem. version uses ' scandal ' as the tr. of aKdvoa^ov (after Vulg. scandalum), in Mt IS'" ' The Sonne of man shal send his Angels, and they shal gather out of his kingdom al scandals, and them that \i orke iniquitie '—16^ 18', Ro U" ; and the verb ' scandal- ize' occurs freq. as the tr. of aKavbaW^u, as MtS" 11« 15'-' 18», Lk 7^, Jn 16'. J. HASTINGS.
SCAPE-GOAT.— See Azazel.
SCARLET.— This word is the equivalent in AV of — 1. ':y shuni, or 'Jsn liashshuni (the latter in Gn37*', Ex 285 35=»-*>'38'^ 39'- », Jos2"'-=', Ca 4»>. 2. D-J5* shdnim (Is l'» [with art.], Tr 31='). 3. nt'Sin-'jip* sheni-tOlaath, and ni''7iBn"'Jv' shi'ni-lmttula- 'aih (Lv 14^- "• «"• "• "2 198). 4. •jvi-ns.'ViB tOln ath-shOni, and 'J^'.Tny'piB tCld ath-hashshanl (Ex 2,5-39 ;)n-v.f(»i, Nu 4»)'. S. yViB tela (La 4*). Once (Jer 4*-) only is shdnim tr* AV ' crimson,' RV ' scarlet ' (see Crimson). In one passage (Is 1'*) AV and RV tr. shdnim ' scarlet' (LXX (jioifiKovs), and tula' ' crimson ' (LXX KOKKiKos). 6. k6kkiuos (Mt 27'-*, He 9'", Rev 17*-* 18'--"'). As our Eng. versions do not rigidly preserve the distinction between crimson and scar- let, we cannot wonder that the ancients did not always do so. Tola' originally signifies the worm or insect, and shdnl the colour. In point of fact, both colours are produced from the same insect. Sometimes one of the two words is omitted, and sometimes the other, and sometimes both are given. The article is inserted or omitted, witliout an obvious reason. The creature alluded to, which produces the colour, is the cochineal, a hemipter- ous insect. Coccus ilicis, of which the male in the imago state is winged, and the female wingless. This insect attaches itself to the leaves and twigs olQiicrcus cocci/era. An allied species, Coccus cacti, is raised on the leaf-like branches of Cactus Ficit* Indica, Haw., and C. cochillinifera. Mill., particu- larly in the neighbourhood of Nablfls. The female is oval in form, convex at the upper, flat at the lower surface. She is about the size of half a cherry kernel, but dries up to that of a grain of wheat. The Arab, name of this bug is kirmtz, from which the word crimson is derived. Other colours besides scarlet and crimson, as purple and violet, are manufactured from the cochineal. See, further, art. Colours, «. ' Scarlet.'