SHEAL (Sk7, B 2aXow(£, A Zai\), Ezr 10=^.— One of the sons of Hani, who had married a 'strange' wife ; called Jasaelus in 1 Es 9**.
SHEALTIEL (Wk;^; in Hag !"•» 2' Sx-n^c> ; LX.\ and N r always 2aXa(?iii\, lience Salathiel of 1 Es 5»"-" G-, AV of Mt 1'= and Lk 3-'').— The father of Zerubbabf.l, Ezr3=-«5', Neh 12', Hag p. ij. M cyi. a. According to 1 Ch 3" Shcaltiel was the eldest son of king Jcconiah. In v.'^ the MT makes I'ediiiah (a brother of Shealtiel) the father of Zerubbabel ; but BA of LXX read here also Za\a6iri\, although Lucian has ■i'adaid.
SHEARIAH (npiT).— A descendant of Saul, 1 Ch 8« (I!A i;apoid. Luc. i;epid) 9« (BA 2opid, Luc. £aaptd).
SHEARING-HOUSE, The (a-yiri ipjt n's ; B BaiSd- itaff Twv voifj.(i>wf, A BaiOdKaS t. it. ; Vulg. camera pantonim ; RV tr. 'shearing-house [lit. binding- liouse,' cf. Gn 22'J of the sliepherds,' KVm ' house of gathering [so Targ. but improbable] of the shepherds'). — A place at which Jehu, on his way from .lezreel to Samaria, met and slew the brethren of Ahaziah, king of Judah (2 K lO'^- "). Eusehius and Jerome {Onum. s. Baitfoitdfl) place the shearing- house in the Great Plain (Esdraelon), 15 M.P. from Lcgio : and in this position, 3 m. east of Jcntn, is the village of Beit AV/rf (Hobinson, BRP' ii. 316). This is possibly the site of the shearing-liouse (Conder, PEF Mem. ii. 83). C. W. Wilson.
8HEAR-JASHUB (2>o; ik^ 'a remnant shall re- turn, l.W 6 KaTa\ei<p0eit'la(ro/'P, Is"'). — A symboli- cal name given to a son of Isaiah to signify the return of the remnant to God after the punishment at the hands of the As.syrianB. See 8" 10"- "', and cf. 7" 8'-\
SHEBA (vjy).— 1. A Benjamite who headed a new revolt against David immediately alter the su|ipression of Absalom's rebellion. He was be- sieged by Joab in Abel-beth-maacah, whose in- haliitants were persuaded to procure their own safety by casting the head of the rebel from the battlements of the city (2 S 20"- «'■ '"■ "• ■"■ : B uni- fom.ly ^lit(, A occasionally "A/Sor). See, further, ■ LXX ' ion.' appljlnf; to Ahijah only.
SHEBA
479
art. David, vol. i. p. 570\ 2. A Gadite, I Ch .'5" (B Z^;iei, A Z:;io.Oe, Luc. ::d;3«).
SHEBA (k;;-), more correctly Snh'i (LXX rajSd, Jos. i:d;3as), the name of a race (the Sabaeans) several times mentioned in the OT. In the genealogical tables it is given three pedigrees (Gn 10' son of Ka'uiah, cf. Ezk 27-''', where these two names are juxtaposed ; Gn 10^ son of Yoktan, and juxta- posed with IJa^arniaveth [Hadramaut]; Gn 25' son of Yokslian). Ezekiel (27--') mentions Eden (Aden), I.laran (I.Iirran), and Canneh (Kaniieh) as connected with it; and of these jdaces the first two are known to be in S. Arabia. At the time of Israel's highest prosperity, Solomon waa visited by the queen of Saba (1 K 10'""), an event which gave rise to a number of legends, none of them perhaps of high antiquity in the form wherein we possess them. The Saba'ans were known to the Israelites as exporters of gold (Is 60", Ps 72'"), precious stones (Ezk I.e.), perfumes (Jer 6-", Isaiah and Ezekiel), and perhaps slaves (Jl 4(3)'). In the Bk. of Job (6") there is an allusion to their trading caravans, with at least a suggestion that their capital was Tema (Tayma) ; and also to their raiding other Arab tribes (i").
Till the attention of Orientalists was called by Wellsted and Cruttenden to certain in.scriptions discovered by them in S. Arabia, our knowledge of Saba was confined to the meagre and often unintelligible matter collected by the Greek ge- ographers and Pliny. But since the middle of the century large finds of inscriptions have been made in various parts of Arabia, in the old Arabic character (of which a co^iy was given liy the Arabic bibliographer Al-rv.idini, in his Fihrist, A.D. 978), and dealing with Saba and various in- stitutions conne<tted with it. The attempt made in England to decipher these inscriptions was utterly incompetent ; but German .scholars were more successful, and the honour of having founded the study of Sahrpan is shared by Rodiger and Osiander, whose papers in the ZDMG, vols. xx. and xxi., laid the basis for the right understand- ing of these texts. A full and accurate account of the literature of the subject down to 1891 was given by Fr. Hommel in \\\s Siid-Araliische Clircs- tomathif, Munich, 1893. Next in importance to the collection published by Osiander was that brought back by Halevy, and edited by him in the Journal Asiatiijue, S6rie 6, vol. ix. ; since then great finds have been made by Glaser in his vari- ous journeys in S. Arabia, not many of which have as j-et been given to the public. In the fourth part of the CIS, edited by J. and H. Derenbourg, of which three fasciculi (containing 308 inscriptions) have as yet appeared (18S9-1'.I(I0), the material for the study will be eventuallj' re- corded in the most trustworthy form ; at present tiie works of the eight or nine .scholars who pur- sue it (esp. Derenbourg, Glaser, Halivy, Hommel, Mordtmann, I). H. Miiller, Proetorius, Winckler) are all indispensable.
Besides inscriptions, considerable finds of coins have also been made. The first Sabiran coin ever interpreted was described in the lirrnc Numi.t. mntique, 1S68, pp. 169-176; but for this part of the subject the most important stage was marked by the work of Scliluniberger (Le trf.mr de Sun'n, Paris, 1880), who gave an account of some 200 coins that had been discovered at Sana'a, an<l pur- chased by him of a dealer in Constantinople. Many of these coins contained the monograms of kings whose names also figure in inscriptions ; whence, though these signs were puzzling at first, they lijive all since been interpreted : a list of the monograms, with their interpretations, is given by I I). H. Miiller in his Burgen u. SelUvsser, \\. p. 995.